Nature Immunology
- 7, 978 - 986 (2006)
Published online: 20 August 2006; | doi:10.1038/ni1380
Natural killer T cells recognize diacylglycerol antigens from pathogenic bacteriaYuki Kinjo1, 11, Emmanuel Tupin1, 11, Douglass Wu2, Masakazu Fujio2, Raquel Garcia-Navarro3, Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia4, 10, Dirk M Zajonc5, 10, Gil Ben-Menachem6, 10, Gary D Ainge7, Gavin F Painter7, Archana Khurana1, Kasper Hoebe8, Samuel M Behar9, Bruce Beutler8, Ian A Wilson5, Moriya Tsuji3, Timothy J Sellati4, Chi-Huey Wong2 & Mitchell Kronenberg11
Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 2
Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 3
HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016, USA. 4
Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA. 5
Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 6
Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. 7
Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research, Gracefield Research Center, Lower Hutt 6008, New Zealand. 8
Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 9
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. 10
Present addresses: Division of Vaccine Discovery (M.R.-E.-I.B.) and Division of Cellular Biology (D.M.Z.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA, and Paramount Biosciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA (G.B.-M.). 11
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to Mitchell Kronenberg mitch@liai.org Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycosphingolipids presented by CD1d molecules and have been linked to defense against microbial infections. Previously defined foreign glycosphingolipids recognized by NKT cells are uniquely found in nonpathogenic sphingomonas bacteria. Here we show that mouse and human NKT cells also recognized glycolipids, specifically a diacylglycerol, from Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease. The B. burgdorferi–derived, glycolipid-induced NKT cell proliferation and cytokine production and the antigenic potency of this glycolipid was dependent on acyl chain length and saturation. These data indicate that NKT cells recognize categories of glycolipids beyond those in sphingomonas and suggest that NKT cell responses driven by T cell receptor–mediated glycolipid recognition may provide protection against diverse pathogens.
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