Nature Immunology
6, 873 - 879 (2005)
Published online: 22 August 2005; | doi:10.1038/ni1241
T cells and viral persistence: lessons from diverse infectionsPaul Klenerman1
& Ann Hill21
Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. 2
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Paul Klenerman paul.klenerman@ndm.ox.ac.uk or Ann Hill hillan@ohsu.edu Persistent virus infections create specific problems for their hosts. Although the dynamics of immune responses after acute infection are well studied and very consistent, especially in mouse models, the patterns of responses noted during persistent infection are more complex and differ depending on the infection. In particular, CD8+ T cell responses differ widely in quantity and quality. In this review we examine these diverse responses and ask how they may arise; in particular, we discuss the function of antigen re-encounter and the CD4+ T cell responses to and the escape strategies of specific viruses. We focus on studies of four main human pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus, and their animal models.
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