Alveolar macrophages derive from fetal monocytes that seed the lungs during late embryogenesis. The cytokine GM-CSF expressed in the developing lungs induces expression of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which in turn 'instructs' the differentiation of alveolar macrophage.
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Ginhoux, F. Fate PPAR-titioning: PPAR-γ 'instructs' alveolar macrophage development. Nat Immunol 15, 1005–1007 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3011
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