Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2013

A complex resident community of microbes, referred to as the 'commensal microbiota', has coevolved with humans. This month's Focus features a series of specially commissioned articles that discuss the interactions between the microbiota and the immune system and their influence on local and systemic immunological homeostasis. (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/microbiotaArt work by Lewis Long.

Editorial

The world within

Evolutionarily shaped molecular and cellular interactions between bacterial commensals and the host immune system drive a mutually beneficial relationship.

Editorial 18 Jun 2013

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Perspective

Compartmentalized and systemic control of tissue immunity by commensals

Yasmine Belkaid
Shruti Naik
Perspective 18 Jun 2013
Resident viruses and their interactions with the immune system

Breck A Duerkop
Lora V Hooper
Perspective 18 Jun 2013

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Review Article

The role of the immune system in governing host-microbe interactions in the intestine

Eric M Brown
Manish Sadarangani
B Brett Finlay
Review Article 18 Jun 2013
Innate immune recognition of the microbiota promotes host-microbial symbiosis

Hiutung Chu
Sarkis K Mazmanian
Review Article 18 Jun 2013
Commensal bacteria at the interface of host metabolism and the immune system

Jonathan R Brestoff
David Artis
Review Article 18 Jun 2013
Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota

Nobuhiko Kamada
Grace Y Chen
Gabriel Núñez
Review Article 18 Jun 2013

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Research Highlights

Share and share alike

Zoltan Fehervari
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
IL-22 controls transmissible colitis

Zoltan Fehervari
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Mucosal ILC diversity

Ioana Visan
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Restricting T cell responses

Ioana Visan
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Commensal help

Laurie A Dempsey
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Seeking advantages

Laurie A Dempsey
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013

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News & Views

CIS: the late-blooming eldest son

Members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) family negatively regulate STAT transcription factors. The SOCS family member CIS is now shown to negatively regulate differentiation into the T_H2 and T_H9 subsets of helper T cells through negative regulation of STAT3, STAT5 and STAT6.

Akihiko Yoshimura
News & Views 18 Jun 2013
A 'GEM' of a cell

A third population of human T lymphocytes that express αβ T cell antigen receptors with restricted α-chain diversity has been identified. These cells recognize the lipid glucose monomycolate from Mycobacterium tuberculosis presented by CD1b.

Mitchell Kronenberg
Dirk M Zajonc
News & Views 18 Jun 2013
Regulation unmasked by activation

The glycoprotein CD52 is an important target for clinical antibodies, but its receptor and function have remained a mystery. However, it now seems that CD52 may be released in soluble form by a subpopulation of human T cells and may thereby exert an as-yet-unrecognized regulatory function via the inhibitory molecule Siglec-10.

Mike Clark
Anne Cooke
News & Views 18 Jun 2013

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Research Highlights

A DRAM-atic end for T cells

Zoltan Fehervari
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Peripheral fate

Zoltan Fehervari
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Affinity testing

Ioana Visan
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Becoming pandemic

Ioana Visan
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Mast cell–DC axis

Laurie A. Dempsey
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013
Systemic alarmin

Laurie A. Dempsey
Research Highlights 18 Jun 2013

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Article

Targeting of a natural killer cell receptor family by a viral immunoevasin

The mode by which NK cell receptors are bound to their ligands has been unclear. Rossjohn and colleagues show that the cytomegalovirus immunoevasin m157 binds the NK cell receptor Ly49 by its stalk region and not via the expected membrane-distal lectin domain.

Richard Berry
Natasha Ng
Jamie Rossjohn
Article 12 May 2013
A conserved human T cell population targets mycobacterial antigens presented by CD1b

Moody and colleagues identify a subset of T cells with high affinity for complexes of CD1b and mycobacterial glycolipids, conserved TCRα use and biased TCRβ use. These 'GEM' T cells show interdonor conservation and proliferate after infection.

Ildiko Van Rhijn
Anne Kasmar
D Branch Moody
Article 02 Jun 2013
GATA-3 controls the maintenance and proliferation of T cells downstream of TCR and cytokine signaling

The transcription factor GATA-3 is required for the differentiation of mature CD4⁺ T cells into T_H2 cells. Wan and colleagues show that GATA-3 also controls the maintenance and proliferation of CD8⁺ T cells in the periphery.

Yunqi Wang
Ichiro Misumi
Yisong Y Wan
Article 26 May 2013
VAMP7 controls T cell activation by regulating the recruitment and phosphorylation of vesicular Lat at TCR-activation sites

How the adaptor Lat and the TCR come together after TCR triggering is not well understood. Hivroz and colleagues show that the vesicular protein VAMP7 is required for the recruitment of Lat-containing vesicles to TCR-activation sites.

Paola Larghi
David J Williamson
Claire Hivroz
Article 12 May 2013
The signaling suppressor CIS controls proallergic T cell development and allergic airway inflammation

SOCS proteins suppress cytokine signaling by inhibiting activation of STAT signal transducers. Dong and colleagues show that the SOCS protein CIS is induced by IL-4 to control T_H2 and T_H9 helper T cell differentiation.

Xuexian O Yang
Huiyuan Zhang
Chen Dong
Article 02 Jun 2013
T cell regulation mediated by interaction of soluble CD52 with the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10

CD52 is an important target for depleting antibodies; however, its physiological ligand and function have been unclear. Harrison and colleagues show that soluble CD52 is used by certain CD4⁺ cells to suppress target cells via the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10.

Esther Bandala-Sanchez
Yuxia Zhang
Leonard C Harrison
Article 19 May 2013
A comprehensive analysis of the effects of the deaminase AID on the transcriptome and methylome of activated B cells

Additional editing activities for the cytidine deaminase AID beyond immunoglobulin-gene diversification have been proposed. Papavasiliou and colleagues now definitively show that antibody diversification is AID's sole physiological function in activated B cells.

Eric L Fritz
Brad R Rosenberg
F Nina Papavasiliou
Article 26 May 2013

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Resource

The transcriptional architecture of early human hematopoiesis identifies multilevel control of lymphoid commitment

Dick and colleagues map the transcriptional dynamics of human hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitor populations. The authors show that transcriptional programs are extensively shared, extend across lineage-potential boundaries and are not strictly lineage affiliated.

Elisa Laurenti
Sergei Doulatov
John E Dick
Resource 26 May 2013

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Focus

The microbiota

Six specially commissioned Reviews and Perspectives discuss specific aspects of the interaction between the microbiota and the immune system and their influence on local and systemic immune homeostasis.

Focus 01 Jul 2013

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Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2013

Editorial

Perspective

Review Article

Research Highlights

News & Views

Research Highlights

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