Acetylcholine and related neurotransmitters appeared with unicellular life forms, millions of years before innate immunity. Tools and insights are now available for understanding how the evolving nervous system influenced the development of immunity.
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Change history
25 June 2010
In the version of this article initially published, the affiliation provided was incorrect. It should read as follows:“Kevin J. Tracey is with the Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.” The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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Tracey, K. Understanding immunity requires more than immunology. Nat Immunol 11, 561–564 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0710-561
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0710-561
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