Science: a common language - p1223

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1223

Science and technology can be used to build relations between countries. Thus, scientific diplomacy is becoming increasingly important.

Full Text - Science: a common language | PDF (150 KB) - Science: a common language

Data management: it starts at the bench - pp1225 - 1227

Damien Chaussabel, Hideki Ueno, Jacques Banchereau & Charles Quinn

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1225

Data management has been neglected but should be made an integral activity in all research laboratories. Chaussabel and colleagues discuss how to implement this at the bench.

Full Text - Data management: it starts at the bench | PDF (569 KB) - Data management: it starts at the bench

MicroRNA-managing the T_H-17 inflammatory response - pp1229 - 1231

Aaron J Martin, Liang Zhou & Stephen D Miller

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1229

The differentiation of interleukin 17–producing helper T cells is controlled by a complex network of cytokines, signaling pathways and transcription factors. Regulation by microRNA particles can now be added to this list.

Full Text - MicroRNA-managing the TH-17 inflammatory response | PDF (390 KB) - MicroRNA-managing the TH-17 inflammatory response

See also: Article by Du et al.

T cells need Nod too? - pp1231 - 1233

Shahram Salek-Ardakani & Michael Croft

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1231

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2) is required for sensing of intracellular bacteria and subsequent inflammatory responses. Unexpectedly, new evidence suggests that Nod2 influences T helper cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation and effector responses against Toxoplasma gondii.

Full Text - T cells need Nod too? | PDF (790 KB) - T cells need Nod too?

See also: Article by Shaw et al.

B cell memory: how to start and when to end - pp1233 - 1235

Nadege Pelletier & Michael G McHeyzer-Williams

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1233

Antigen-driven selection in germinal centers lays the foundation of effective B cell memory. Two reports in this issue reveal novel mechanisms that control effective formation of germinal centers and their long-term persistence in vivo.

Full Text - B cell memory: how to start and when to end | PDF (309 KB) - B cell memory: how to start and when to end

See also: Article by Randall et al. | Article by Dogan et al.

Research Highlights - p1236

doi:10.1038/ni1209-1236

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (85 KB) - Research Highlights

Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces - pp1237 - 1244

William R Heath & Francis R Carbone

doi:10.1038/ni.1822

Abstract - Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces | Full Text - Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces | PDF (4,157 KB) - Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces

Structural basis of receptor sharing by interleukin 17 cytokines - pp1245 - 1251

Lauren K Ely, Suzanne Fischer & K Christopher Garcia

doi:10.1038/ni.1813

The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family includes six cytokines and five receptors. Garcia and co-workers solve the crystal structure of the receptor IL-17RA bound to IL-17F and suggest that IL-17RA may act as a shared subunit among multiple IL-17 receptor complexes.

Abstract - Structural basis of receptor sharing by interleukin 17 cytokines | Full Text - Structural basis of receptor sharing by interleukin 17 cytokines | PDF (1,286 KB) - Structural basis of receptor sharing by interleukin 17 cytokines | Supplementary information

MicroRNA miR-326 regulates T_H-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis - pp1252 - 1259

Changsheng Du, Chang Liu, Jiuhong Kang, Guixian Zhao, Zhiqiang Ye, Shichao Huang, Zhenxin Li, Zhiying Wu & Gang Pei

doi:10.1038/ni.1798

Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells (T_H-17 cells) are associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Pei and colleagues have now identified a T_H-17 cell–associated microRNA, miR-326, whose expression correlates with disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Abstract - MicroRNA miR-326 regulates T: H: -17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis | Full Text - MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis | PDF (1,237 KB) - MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Martin et al.

Requirement for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec2 in initial T_H2 lineage commitment - pp1260 - 1266

Xuexian O Yang, Pornpimon Angkasekwinai, Jinfang Zhu, Juan Peng, Zhiduo Liu, Roza Nurieva, Xikui Liu, Yeonseok Chung, Seon Hee Chang, Bing Sun & Chen Dong

doi:10.1038/ni.1821

The molecular mediators responsible for directing T helper type 2 (T_H2) differentiation remain incompletely defined. Dong and co-workers find that the transcription factor Dec2 promotes expression of the transcription factor JunB and is essential for the induction of T_H2 responses.

Abstract - Requirement for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec2 in initial T: H: 2 lineage commitment | Full Text - Requirement for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec2 in initial TH2 lineage commitment | PDF (892 KB) - Requirement for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Dec2 in initial TH2 lineage commitment | Supplementary information

T cell–intrinsic role of Nod2 in promoting type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii - pp1267 - 1274

Michael H Shaw, Thornik Reimer, Carmen Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Neil Warner, Yun-Gi Kim, Manuel Fresno & Gabriel Nuñez

doi:10.1038/ni.1816

Nod2 senses intracellular bacteria and is required for their eradication. Nuñez and co-workers now describe a T cell–intrinsic role for Nod2 in combating the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Abstract - T cell-intrinsic role of Nod2 in promoting type 1 immunity to : Toxoplasma gondii | Full Text - T cell–intrinsic role of Nod2 in promoting type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii | PDF (1,782 KB) - T cell–intrinsic role of Nod2 in promoting type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Salek-Ardakani & Croft

Defective survival of naive CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the absence of the 3 regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels - pp1275 - 1282

Mithilesh K Jha, Abdallah Badou, Marcel Meissner, John E McRory, Marc Freichel, Veit Flockerzi & Richard A Flavell

doi:10.1038/ni.1793

T cell activation triggers large calcium fluxes. Flavell and colleagues show tonic calcium signaling via Ca_v1.4-3 channels are needed for the survival and homeostasis of naive CD8⁺ T cells.

Abstract - Defective survival of naive CD8: +: T lymphocytes in the absence of the [beta]3 regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels | Full Text - Defective survival of naive CD8+ T lymphocytes in the absence of the 3 regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels | PDF (1,929 KB) - Defective survival of naive CD8+ T lymphocytes in the absence of the 3 regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels | Supplementary information

Dock8 mutations cripple B cell immunological synapses, germinal centers and long-lived antibody production - pp1283 - 1291

Katrina L Randall, Teresa Lambe, Andy Johnson, Bebhinn Treanor, Edyta Kucharska, Heather Domaschenz, Belinda Whittle, Lina E Tze, Anselm Enders, Tanya L Crockford, Tiphaine Bouriez-Jones, Duncan Alston, Jason G Cyster, Michael J Lenardo, Fabienne Mackay, Elissa K Deenick, Stuart G Tangye, Tyani D Chan, Tahra Camidge, Robert Brink, Carola G Vinuesa, Facundo D Batista, Richard J Cornall & Christopher C Goodnow

doi:10.1038/ni.1820

High-affinity and isotype-switched antibodies arise from germinal center reactions. Goodnow and colleagues identify the Rho guanine nucleotide–exchange factor DOCK8 as being essential for sustained B cell immune synapse formation in germinal centers and mature antibody responses.

Abstract - Dock8: mutations cripple B cell immunological synapses, germinal centers and long-lived antibody production | Full Text - Dock8 mutations cripple B cell immunological synapses, germinal centers and long-lived antibody production | PDF (1,666 KB) - Dock8 mutations cripple B cell immunological synapses, germinal centers and long-lived antibody production | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Pelletier & McHeyzer-Williams | Article by Dogan et al.

Multiple layers of B cell memory with different effector functions - pp1292 - 1299

Ismail Dogan, Barbara Bertocci, Valérie Vilmont, Frédéric Delbos, Jérome Mégret, Sébastien Storck, Claude-Agnès Reynaud & Jean-Claude Weill

doi:10.1038/ni.1814

Immunization elicits B cell memory and short- and long-term antibody-secreting plasma cells. Weill and colleagues show that long-term IgM⁺ and IgG⁺ memory B cells can persist in germinal centers and undergo different fates after antigenic rechallenge.

Abstract - Multiple layers of B cell memory with different effector functions | Full Text - Multiple layers of B cell memory with different effector functions | PDF (1,361 KB) - Multiple layers of B cell memory with different effector functions | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Pelletier & McHeyzer-Williams | Article by Randall et al.

PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 - pp1300 - 1308

Fuping You, Hui Sun, Xiang Zhou, Wenxiang Sun, Shimin Liang, Zhonghe Zhai & Zhengfan Jiang

doi:10.1038/ni.1815

The mitochondrial adaptor MAVS is necessary for the transmission of RIG-I and Mda5 antiviral signals. Jiang and colleagues show that PCBP2 negatively regulates MAVS stability by recruiting the L48-ubiquitinating enzyme AIP4, thereby preventing excessive cytokine responses.

Abstract - PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 | Full Text - PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 | PDF (1,900 KB) - PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 | Supplementary information