Runoff estimates from the Greenland ice sheet carry uncertainty because the fate of surface melt in permanently snow-covered regions is unconstrained. In situ and airborne observations reveal large-scale liquid water storage in buried layers of aged and compacted snow.
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Harper, J. Greenland's lurking aquifer. Nature Geosci 7, 86–87 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2061
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2061