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In the current era of large-scale cancer genome sequencing, the interpretation of somatic sequence alterations is a formidable challenge. A new study of known mutations represents an important step in cataloging somatic mutations in individual tumors.
A new approach that scans the modification states of histones along the chromosome allows the identification of enhancer elements in the complex genomes of higher eukaryotes. This is an important step in the functional annotation of the genome.
Signaling pathways are frequently connected through shared intracellular molecules, yet they manage to maintain remarkable specificity to distinct stimuli. A new study identifies mechanisms to explain how this specificity is shaped for MAP kinase modules within the yeast signaling network.
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, dosage compensation is mediated by a subtle twofold downregulation of both X chromosomes. A new study provides a significant advance in our understanding of how the X is targeted for dosage compensation and how this global regulation is integrated with regulation of the expression of each gene.
The DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 is essential for cell viability in various mouse models, but gene targeting in human tumor cells results in a viable line. This dilemma has now been resolved using a new human DNMT1 knockout line, although new questions arise as to the full extent of DNMT1 function in maintaining genome integrity.