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Brief Communication

Nature Genetics 36, 231–232 (1 March 2004) | doi:10.1038/ng1301

Evolutionary innovation of the excretory system in Caenorhabditis elegans

Xiaodong Wang & Helen M Chamberlin

The evolution of complexity relies on changes that result in new gene functions. Here we show that the unique morphological and functional features of the excretory duct cell in C.