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Commentary
Nature Genetics  36, 1133 - 1137 (2004)
doi:10.1038/ng1104-1133

The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits

The Complex Trait Consortium: Gary A Churchill1, David C Airey2, Hooman Allayee3, Joe M Angel4, Alan D Attie5, Jackson Beatty6, William D Beavis7, John K Belknap8, Beth Bennett9, Wade Berrettini10, Andre Bleich11, Molly Bogue1, Karl W Broman12, Kari J Buck13, Ed Buckler14, Margit Burmeister15, Elissa J Chesler16, James M Cheverud17, Steven Clapcote18, Melloni N Cook19, Roger D Cox20, John C Crabbe21, Wim E Crusio22, Ariel Darvasi23, Christian F Deschepper24, R W Doerge25, Charles R Farber26, Jiri Forejt27, Daniel Gaile28, Steven J Garlow29, Hartmut Geiger30, Howard Gershenfeld31, Terry Gordon32, Jing Gu16, Weikuan Gu33, Gerald de Haan34, Nancy L Hayes35, Craig Heller36, Heinz Himmelbauer37, Robert Hitzemann13, Kent Hunter38, Hui-Chen Hsu39, Fuad A Iraqi40, Boris Ivandic41, Howard J Jacob42, Ritsert C Jansen43, Karl J Jepsen44, Dabney K Johnson45, Thomas E Johnson9, Gerd Kempermann46, Christina Kendziorski47, Malak Kotb48, R Frank Kooy49, Bastien Llamas24, Frank Lammert50, Jean-Michel Lassalle51, Pedro R Lowenstein52, Lu Lu16, Aldons Lusis53, Kenneth F Manly54, Ralph Marcucio55, Doug Matthews19, Juan F Medrano26, Darla R Miller56, Guy Mittleman19, Beverly A Mock57, Jeffrey S Mogil58, Xavier Montagutelli59, Grant Morahan60, David G Morris61, Richard Mott62, Joseph H Nadeau63, Hiroki Nagase64, Richard S Nowakowski35, Bruce F O'Hara65, Alexander V Osadchuk66, Grier P Page67, Beverly Paigen1, Kenneth Paigen1, Abraham A Palmer68, Huei-Ju Pan1, Leena Peltonen-Palotie69, 70, Jeremy Peirce16, Daniel Pomp71, Michal Pravenec72, Daniel R Prows73, Zhonghua Qi74, Roger H Reeves75, John Roder76, Glenn D Rosen77, Eric E Schadt78, Leonard C Schalkwyk79, Ze'ev Seltzer80, Kazuhiro Shimomura81, Siming Shou82, Mikko J. Sillanpää83, Linda D Siracusa84, Hans-Willem Snoeck85, Jimmy L Spearow86, Karen Svenson1, Lisa M Tarantino87, David Threadgill88, Linda A Toth89, William Valdar62, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena88, Craig Warden90, Steve Whatley91, Robert W Williams16, Tim Wiltshire87, Nengjun Yi67, Dabao Zhang92, Min Zhang93 & Fei Zou94

1  The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.

2  Vanderbilt University, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

3  Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

4  The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville, Texas, USA.

5  Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

6  Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

7  National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.

8  VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.

9  Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

10  University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

11  Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

12  Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

13  Oregon Health & Science University and VA Medical Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, Oregon, USA.

14  Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

15  Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

16  University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

17  Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

18  Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

19  Psychology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

20  Diabetes, QTL and Modifier Loci Group, MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK.

21  Oregon Health & Science University, VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.

22  Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

23  The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Evolution Systematics and Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem.

24  Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Canada.

25  Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

26  Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.

27  Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, Videnska, Czech Republic.

28  Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.

29  Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

30  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

31  The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.

32  Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA.

33  Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Campbell Clinic & Department of Pathology, Center of Genomic and Bioinformatics & Center of Disease of Connective Tissues, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

34  Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

35  Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

36  Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

37  Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.

38  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

39  Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

40  Genetics of Disease Resistance (GDR), Delivery of Genetic Change-Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.

41  Dept of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

42  Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

43  Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Mathematics and Computing Science (IWI), Groningen, The Netherlands.

44  Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.

45  Mammalian Genetics Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.

46  Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.

47  Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

48  Departments of Surgery and Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee, USA.

49  Deprtment of Medical Genetics, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

50  Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

51  Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.

52  Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

53  Departments of Medicine, MIMG, and Human Genetics, Center for Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

54  Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

55  University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, California, USA.

56  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.

57  National Cancer Institute, CCR, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

58  Department of Psychology and Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

59  Unite de Genetique des Mammiferes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

60  Diabetes Research Centre, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Australia.

61  Yale University School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

62  Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.

63  Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

64  Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.

65  University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

66  Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.

67  Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

68  Columbia Genome Center, New York, New York, USA.

69  Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland.

70  David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

71  Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.

72  Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.

73  Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

74  Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

75  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

76  Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

77  Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

78  Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC/Merck & Co., Research Genetics, Seattle, Washington, USA.

79  SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.

80  Pain Genetics and Phenomics Research Unit, University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, and Program in Neuroscience, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

81  Center for Functional Genomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

82  Shriners Hospital, Research Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.

83  Rolf Nevanlinna Institute, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland.

84  Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

85  Department of Cell and Gene Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

86  Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.

87  The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA.

88  Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

89  Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.

90  Genetics and Physiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.

91  Department Neuroscience, KCL Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.

92  University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.

93  Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

94  Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Correspondence should be addressed to Gary A Churchill garyc@jax.org
The goal of the Complex Trait Consortium is to promote the development of resources that can be used to understand, treat and ultimately prevent pervasive human diseases. Existing and proposed mouse resources that are optimized to study the actions of isolated genetic loci on a fixed background are less effective for studying intact polygenic networks and interactions among genes, environments, pathogens and other factors. The Collaborative Cross will provide a common reference panel specifically designed for the integrative analysis of complex systems and will change the way we approach human health and disease.

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ISSN: 1061-4036
EISSN: 1546-1718
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