Nature Genetics
35, 367 - 371 (2003)
Published online: 16 November 2003; | doi:10.1038/ng1270
Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in myopathic mice with collagen VI deficiencyWilliam A Irwin1, 2, 6, Natascha Bergamin1, 6, Patrizia Sabatelli3, Carlo Reggiani4, Aram Megighian4, Luciano Merlini5, Paola Braghetta1, Marta Columbaro5, Dino Volpin1, Giorgio M Bressan1, Paolo Bernardi2
& Paolo Bonaldo11
Departments of Histology, Microbiology & Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy. 2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy. 3
ITOI-CNR IOR, 40136 Bologna, Italy. 4
Departments of Human Anatomy & Physiology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy. 5
Orthopedic Institute 'Rizzoli', 40136 Bologna, Italy. 6
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to Paolo Bernardi bernardi@bio.unipd.it or Paolo Bonaldo bonaldo@bio.unipd.itCollagen VI is an extracellular matrix protein that forms a microfilamentous network in skeletal muscles and other organs1,
2,
3. Inherited mutations in genes encoding collagen VI in humans cause two muscle diseases, Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy4,
5. We previously generated collagen VI−deficient (Col6a1-/-) mice and showed that they have a muscle phenotype that strongly resembles Bethlem myopathy6. The pathophysiological defects and mechanisms leading to the myopathic disorder were not known. Here we show that Col6a1-/- muscles have a loss of contractile strength associated with ultrastructural alterations of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria and spontaneous apoptosis. We found a latent mitochondrial dysfunction in myofibers of Col6a1-/- mice on incubation with the selective F1FO-ATPase inhibitor oligomycin, which caused mitochondrial depolarization, Ca2+ deregulation and increased apoptosis. These defects were reversible, as they could be normalized by plating Col6a1-/- myofibers on collagen VI or by addition of cyclosporin A (CsA), the inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). Treatment of Col6a1-/- mice with CsA rescued the muscle ultrastructural defects and markedly decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei in vivo. These findings indicate that collagen VI myopathies have an unexpected mitochondrial pathogenesis that could be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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The collagen-mitochondria connection
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