Nature Genetics
17, 104 - 108 (1997)
doi:10.1038/ng0997-104
Tenascin−X deficiency is associated with Ehlers−Danlos syndromeGrant H. Burch1, Yan Gong1, Wenhui Liu1, Robert W. Dettman1, Cynthia J. Curry3, Lynne Smith4, Walter L. Miller1, 2
& James Bristow1, 5
1Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
2Department of Metabolic Research Unit, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
3Department of Medical Genetics, Valley Children's Hospital, Fresno, California 93703, USA.
4Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
5e-mail:Jim_Bristow@pedcardgateway.ucsf.edu. The tenascins are a family of large extracellular matrix proteins with at least three members: tenascin-X (TNX)1−3, tenascin-C (TNC, or cytotactin)4−6 and tenascin-R (TN-R, or restrict in)7,8. Although the tenascins have been implicated in a number of important cellular processes, no function has been clearly established for any tenascin9. We describe a new contiguous-gene syndrome, involving the CYP21B and TNX genes, that results in 21-hydroxylase deficiency and a connective-tissue disorder consisting of skin and joint hyperextensibility, vascular fragility and poor wound healing. The connective tissue findings are typical of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)10. The abundant expression of TNX in connective tissues2,11−13 is consistent with a role in EDS, and our patient's skin fibroblasts do not synthesize TNX protein in vitro or in vivo. His paternal allele carries a novel deletion arising from recombination between TNX and its partial duplicate gene, XA
14, which precludes TNX synthesis. Absence of TNX mRNA and protein in the proband, mapping of the TNX gene and HLA typing of this family suggest recessive inheritance of TNX deficiency and connective-tissue disease. Although the precise role of TNX in the pathogenesis of EDS is uncertain, this patient's findings suggest a unique and essential role for TNX in connective-tissue structure and function.
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