Nature Genetics
15, 277 - 280 (1997)
doi:10.1038/ng0397-277
Localization of the gene for familial primary pulmonary hypertension to chromosome 2q31−32William C. Nichols1, Daniel L. Koller4, Bonnie Slovis3, Tatiana Foroud4, Valeri H. Terry3, Nathan D. Arnold3, David R. Siemieniak3, Lisa Wheeler5, John A. Phillips III6, John H. Newman5, P. Michael Conneally4, David Ginsburg1, 2, 3
& James E. Loyd5
1Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
2Departments of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
3Departments of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
4Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
5Departments of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
6Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
7Correspondence should be addressed to: D. G. at 4520 MSRBI, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0650, USA. e-mail: ginsburg@umich.edu. Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)f an often fatal disease, is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressures in the absence of a secondary cause1. Endovascular occlusion in the smallest pulmonary arteries occurs by proliferation of cells and matrix, with thrombus and vasospasm2. Diagnosis is often delayed because the initial symptoms of fatigue and dyspnea on exertion are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis requires invasive procedures. The average life expectancy after diagnosis is two to three years with death usually due to progressive right heart failure3. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. Although most cases appear to be sporadic,  6% of cases recorded in the NIH Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with reduced penetrance4−6. Following a genome-wide search using a set of highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers and 19 affected individuals from six families, initial evidence for linkage was obtained with two chromosome 2q markers. We subsequently genotyped patients and all available family members for 19 additional markers spanning 40 centiMorgans (cM) on the long arm of chromosome 2. We obtained a maximum two-point lod score of 6.97 at  =0 with the marker D2S389; multipoint linkage analysis yielded a maximum lod score of 7.86 with the marker D2S311. Haplotype analysis established a minimum candidate interval of 25 cM.
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