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Published online 6 February 2008 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2008.561
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Nitrogen pollution stomps on biodiversity
Long-term effects of low-level pollution may have been underestimated.
Nitrogen emitted into the atmosphere as a result of human activity could be changing plant communities worldwide. Although hot spots of high nitrogen pollution are known to change plant dynamics, new work predicts substantial effects from the lower, chronic levels of pollution found throughout most of the world.
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Astrophysics are not being addressed for a answer to questions arising from greenhouse effect gases as it is relative to global warming. Traditionally answers are being founded that mankind has contributed to the problem which the atmosphere has been shown to be losing ozone among other aspects it also portrays. Ideally this is not the entire ball of wax. There is a mold the earth fits inside and has layers of atmosphere, within these upper layers there are changes taking place and some of these changes are relative to the solar wind affecting the earth and others from deep-space blasts of gamma rays and other evolved frequencies which are responsible for changes taking place in the layers. The scenario I present is a result of the flexing of the magnetosphere while the changes occur and thus produce a funnel effect while the end most point is bent to the earth's backside of these influences from the sun and other incoming waves are then stretched into threads and some of the ozone is separated into mini packets these then bleed out of the earth's mold like a mini highway. This also takes in consideration that dust particles and debris which earth has picked up from space is carried away in the same manner. The ozone integrity is not certain, some of the packets can breakdown while some may remain existent for a longer time span but there is no true indication to be able to detect this phenomena as the mini highway integrity does not remain within the same orbit of the earth as the earth rotates around the sun because of the sun gravitational pull of the micro particles (etc.) showing that the mini highway would more so drift toward the sun as it begins to leave the geo-gravitational field of the earth and out of the orbit of the earth, it theres any ozone packets still remaining at that time those will be destroyed and theres no ozone pockets suspended in space. The Earth's Plasma Fountain of oxygen, helium, and hydrogen ions gushing into space from regions near the Earth's poles lost into space sometimes trans-literates when a abundance is leaking into the aurora borealis-or plasma energy pouring back into the atmosphere. In this article we have nitrogen gas existing within the upper atmosphere but also a traditional thought leaving out the geo-magnetosphere and the 'earth's mold theory' which does the same as it would any other gas or foreign object that befalls this fate of eventual burn up as it reaches the sun. It may take hundreds of years for this to occur if you could track this stream you would have a single point movement in relation to the gravity the sun exerts on it and could see this happen within that time span. So to the question this article is proposing that mankind is directly responsible for this phenomena, without realizing this mold we are within pertaining to the layers of the atmosphere and experiencing the flex it endures to sometimes make denser regions and at other times more compact regions making it appear as if there is a less/more abundance of a molecular chain you are leading to a partial explaination of what is actually happening up there. Near surface condition 'extra nitrogen' can be build-ups from a decrease of the breakdown of nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. If you master a Nitrogen Depleting Gas Index (NDGI) you may then calculate its depletion and recovery cycle and draw a table relative to this geo-magnetosphere atmospheric earth mold. The (NDGI) syhould be a good indicator for establishing a regional standard. This regional density is affected by the stratosphere, troposphere, and thermosphere (where most of the mini highway threads are breaking away out of the mold into the orbit and the falling out of orbit according to what the stream encounters as such some can encounter massive solar dust storms and carried away by them while others come into contact with nothing in particular and are guided towards the sun's gravity. Masses of elements are being pulled away from planets each second, the earth is no exception. In laboratory conditions Ozone has been used to show its depletion gas index and thus establishes to try to mimic the recovery of its depletion by changing certain element uses. From this description you might state the difference is hardly relative as the thickness on the solar wind side is thinner and opposite side as thicker and the North/South Polar Regions are unchanged by this relationship. But there are factors which interact with these ever so small this funnel effect occurs without notice due to the other factors, one such causes upper level atmospheric disturbances and there are several factors that cause this to occur. With this in mind we then see there is a leak from the atmoshere as a result and this leak increases and decreases as the earth's geo-magnetosphere interacts pulling away this mini highway thread rather quickly without reflection or refraction of it against other objects in space. Energy exchanges between outer space, the Earth's atmosphere, and the Earth surface are characteristics of the greenhouse effect [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greenhouse_Effect.svg]. Oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) are the main molecules and atoms of the atmosphere but they are not affected by infrared radiation significantly. Oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2) vibrations do not create any transient charge separation and do not absorb nor emit infrared radiation. Dipoles are classed as two types Magnetic and Electric. Magnetic Dipole is like a closed circulation of electric current (ex. single loop of wire with some constant current flowing through it). Electric Dipole is a separation of positive and negative charge. An Electric Dipole moment would point from the negative charge towards the positive charge with magnitude equal to the strength of each charge times the separation between the charges. Magnetic Dipole moment points through the loop (according to the right hand rule). Electrons (intrinsic property) generate a magnetic field possess a Magnetic Dipole moment, as do fundamental particles. Charge separation is where molecular bonded atoms are moving in one direction and a single moves the opposite direction. Nitrogen, (atomic number 7 and atomic weight 14) is a colorless gas, nonmetal, with an electronegativity of 3.0, element to forms compounds (e.g. NO3, NH3, NI3, etc.) or 5, i.e. in the five atom groups (e.g. NO5, NH4O, PO5, etc.), equivalents of the attached elements. The atoms in the molecule can be held together by no bonds, covalent bonds or ionic bonds, these can form chemical bonding, nitric oxide NO is the simpliest. The Carbon and Nitrogen (CN) bond length is about 1.47 Angstroms with energy of 308 (kJ/mol). 1 Angstrom is 100 x pm and Nitrogen has 147pm. Coordinate covalent bonding occur in nitrones [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrone]. In Molecular Geometry sam as Molecular Structure comprising a molecule can be described as a 3D arrangement of atoms and this determines several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity per stable molecules. When molecules become unstable this angle will vibrate, in a 2 plane angle intersection is called dihedral or torsion angle. In the upper atmosphere the Condensed Matter Metaphysical Force is greatest, yielding the faster quantum relativity of Nitrogen a gas. Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up more than 70 percent of the innermost layer of the atmosphere, yet theres a tradeoff when it rains producing much nitrogen fertilizer to support crop growth naturally. Plant useage of Nitrogen within the soil not the surface of the plant, nitrogen ions (N03-) and ammonium ions (NH4+) varied concentrations produce varied results to much and the plant will burnup during solar and heat exposure. The U.S. gains about 3.2 million tons of Nitrogen each year from the atmosphere. A enrichment study of the surface concentrated amounts of Nitrogen could provide a whole new avenue for the collecting and remanagement of Nitrogen collected in mass quantity. This some people define as Nitrogen Pollution, how it is affecting them directly where they live. It would help to control algae if there were Oxygenization Centers built along some of the rivers so to minimize the Nitrate levels and possibly improve fishing on some streams. Nitrogen buildup contributes to the greenhouse effect, reduces biodiversity, acidifies soil and water, degrades coastal environments, depletes the ozone, and reduces forest productivity. Atmospheric reduces forest productivity we breathe is being polluted, and the drinking water degraded requiring filtration. Nitrogen in the soil can also be converted into nitrous oxide, this is the greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming so Nitrogen don't get into the air we breathe. Landscape Spatial Systems can collect data as a whole and then theres one tool to access in determining a treatment simply from adding the results of studies to the GIS database. Ecologists have found that increased Nitrogen levels causes the tropics to grom faster at least 20% more, as a result of this growth more carbon dioxide is consumed by tropical forests. Tropical regions such as India, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia might falter one day if the levels once occurring were to decrease significantly. According to Robert Blankenship of Washington University, Chlorophyll has about 12 forms of chlorophyll with a ultra rare occurring at level 17's end produces Chlorophyll d which is genetic bacterium that harvests far-red light can absorb red edge, near infrared long wavelength light -- light that is invisible to the naked eye. The genome of the cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris produces Chlorophyll d, a massive genome (8.3 million base pairs) and is among the largest of 55 cyanobacterial strains in the world. This new photosynthetic pigment which can be added to plants that normally will produce crops that are turned into fuels or to generate biomass. The cyanobacterium lives in a symbiotic relationship with a sponge-like marine animal popularly called a sea squirt. The Acaryochloris marina lives beneath the sea squirt, which is a marine animal that lives attached to rocks just below the surface of the water. The cyanobacterium absorbs red edge light through the tissues of the sea squirt. The entire aspect shown here would increase the light gathering range of plants which have Chlorophyll d gene and make theplants grow fives times bigger and more abundant due to the increased energy use (base is absorbing red edge light in the 710 nanometer range, Chlorophyll a absorbs short wave light). No other organism, Acaryochloris marina, can use infrared long wavelength light. Spawning a new ideology to grow a specific plant within a orbiting greenhouse which would have a collector to attract Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms, with this laboratory we could imagine how a infra-red of light energy could be used.