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Published online 13 September 2006 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news060911-8

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Neanderthal's last stand

Cave in Gibraltar may be most recent home of extinct species.

Gibraltar may have been the last refuge of the Neanderthals, according to the results of a six-year archaeological dig.

The findings, which show that Neanderthals lived alongside modern humans for thousands of years, bring fresh evidence to the debate on what happened to our evolutionary cousins, and whether modern humans drove them to extinction.

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