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Gene expression in the human cortex is shown to exhibit a generalizable three-component architecture that reflects neuronal, metabolic, and immune programmes of healthy brain development. The three components have distinct associations with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, revealing connections between previously unrelated results from studies of case–control neuroimaging, differential gene expression, and genetic risk.
Gene expression in the human cortex is shown to involve three general components, which reflect metabolic and immune programs of healthy development, and link case–control imaging and transcriptomics to genetic risk for autism and schizophrenia.
As Nature Neuroscience celebrates its 25th anniversary, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. This month we are talking to Fernando de Castro Soubriet, principal investigator at the Instituto Cajal (Spain). He is a neurodevelopmental biologist who is actively involved in championing the history of neuroscience. He is among the group of Spanish scientists who ensured that the Archives of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and the Spanish Neurohistological School are registered as World Heritage with UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Here, we discuss science and the legacy of the Spanish Neurohistological School.
Neuroinflammation and microglia significantly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathology, depending on their activation state. We found that TREM2-expressing microglia are a heterogenous population spanning activated to senescent cells.
The study of the female brain during pregnancy and motherhood is gaining traction, and holds the potential to address the unmet needs of millions of women worldwide. Here we highlight the most pressing gaps in this field. Filling these knowledge gaps will require two paths forward: focused longitudinal studies that deeply characterize individuals, and collaborative initiatives that build large-scale international databases.
Using human iPSC-derived and mouse neurons, this study demonstrates that mRNA transport on lysosome-related vesicles is critical for the maintenance of axonal homeostasis and that its failure causes axonal degeneration.
In the first comprehensive mRNA isoform atlas of the developing and adult mouse brain, we discover that region and age influence the isoform repertoire of cell subtypes. We link peak cell type regulation to the critical development period and report attenuated levels in adulthood.
RNA alternative splicing is involved in determining cell identity, but a comprehensive molecular map is missing. Here, the authors provide a human and mouse brain atlas of transcript isoforms linking them to cellular identity, brain regions and development stages.
Precise profiling of dendritic RNA regulation reveals how neuronal depolarization leads to ribosome switching onto short upstream open reading frames and new coding sequences to acutely modulate local protein synthesis.
How astrocytes can integrate information is incompletely understood. Here the authors show that locus coeruleus-controlled calcium signals in hippocampal astrocytes propagating from their processes to their soma are involved in the information integration upon salient events.
Silva et al. definitively establish climbing fiber-driven complex spike events as essential instructive signals for associative cerebellar learning while also revealing unexpected features of optogenetic manipulation.
Human microglia transplanted in the mouse brain mount a multipronged response to amyloid-β pathology, displaying unique transcriptional states. Alzheimer’s disease risk genes are differentially regulated across cell states and profoundly alter microglial function.
The role of TREM1 in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here the authors show that TREM1 promotes cognitive decline in aging and in the context of amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.
Brain region-specific oligodendrocyte population dynamics are unclear. Here the authors implement long-term in vivo three-photon imaging to determine those dynamics in the cortical and subcortical areas in the living intact and demyelinated adult mouse brain.