Sabrina Ravel and Barry J. Richmond are at the Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 49, Room 1B80, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. bjr@ln.nimh.nih.gov
How do we form arbitrary associations, such as 'stop at red' or 'go at green'? A report in Nature suggests that these associations are first formed in the striatum but that activity changes in the prefrontal cortex are more closely related to improved performance.
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