Nature Neuroscience 8, 1586 - 1594 (2005)
Published online: 23 October 2005; | doi:10.1038/nn1562
Transcriptional and behavioral interaction between 22q11.2 orthologs modulates schizophrenia-related phenotypes in miceMarta Paterlini1, 2, Stanislav S Zakharenko3, 9, Wen-Sung Lai1, 2, Jie Qin4, Hui Zhang5, Jun Mukai1, Koen G C Westphal6, Berend Olivier6, David Sulzer5, Paul Pavlidis4, Steven A Siegelbaum3, 7, 8, Maria Karayiorgou2
& Joseph A Gogos1, 31
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. 2
Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA. 3
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. 4
Genome Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA. 5
Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. 6
Department of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands. 7
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. 8
Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. 9
Present address: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Karayiorgou karayim@rockefeller.edu or Joseph A Gogos jag90@columbia.edu Microdeletions of 22q11.2 represent one of the highest known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. It is likely that more than one gene contributes to the marked risk associated with this locus. Two of the candidate risk genes encode the enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which modulate the levels of a putative neuromodulator (L-proline) and the neurotransmitter dopamine, respectively. Mice that model the state of PRODH deficiency observed in humans with schizophrenia show increased neurotransmitter release at glutamatergic synapses as well as deficits in associative learning and response to psychomimetic drugs. Transcriptional profiling and pharmacological manipulations identified a transcriptional and behavioral interaction between the Prodh and Comt genes that is likely to represent a homeostatic response to enhanced dopaminergic signaling in the frontal cortex. This interaction modulates a number of schizophrenia-related phenotypes, providing a framework for understanding the high disease risk associated with this locus, the expression of the phenotype, or both.
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