Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Commentary
  • Published:

The origin and natural history of autism spectrum disorders

Refined social phenotyping of syndromic and idiopathic forms of autism, combined with advances in genetics, animal models of syndromes and brain imaging, may facilitate discovery of shared brain mechanisms that will lead to new treatments. The reversal of social deficits in animal models is promising for eventual translation into therapeutics.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Kanner, L. Nervous Child 2, 217–250 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Frankl, G. Nervous Child. 2, 251–262 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wing, L. Psychol. Med. 11, 115–129 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wing, L. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 35, 197–203 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Moss, J. & Howlin, P. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 53, 852–873 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Richards, C., Jones, C., Groves, L., Moss, J. & Oliver, C. Lancet Psychiatry 2, 909–916 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Harris, J.C. Am. J. Med. Genet. C. Semin. Med. Genet. 154C, 389–399 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Harris, J.C. in Textbook of Autism Spectrum Disorders (eds. Hollander, E., Kolevzon, A. & Coyle, J.T.) 223–237 (American Psychiatric Publishing, 2011).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Harris, J.C. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 68, 230–231 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gaugler, T. et al. Nat. Genet. 46, 881–885 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Samocha, K.E. et al. Nat. Genet. 46, 944–950 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Srivastava, S. et al. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 164A, 1400–1410 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoeft, F. et al. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 68, 295–305 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Krishnan, A., Kaza, R.K. & Vummidi, D.R. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 54, 423–440 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Overwater, I.E. et al. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2016.85 (2016).

  16. Naidu, S. et al. Brain Dev. 23 (Suppl. 1), S62–S71 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lainhart, J.E. et al. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 36, 282–290 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dolce, A., Ben-Zeev, B., Naidu, S. & Kossoff, E.H. Pediatr. Neurol. 48, 337–345 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bolton, P.F., Park, R.J., Higgins, J.N.P., Griffiths, P.D. & Pickles, A. Brain 125, 1247–1255 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hatton, D.D. et al. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 140A, 1804–1813 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hall, S.S., Lightbody, A.A., Hirt, M., Rezvani, A. & Reiss, A.L. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 49, 921–933 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sztainberg, Y. & Zoghbi, H.Y. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 1408–1417 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Berry-Kravis, E. et al. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 321ra5 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James C Harris.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The author declares no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Harris, J. The origin and natural history of autism spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci 19, 1390–1391 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4427

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4427

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing