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Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex

Abstract

Reinforcement learning models that focus on the striatum and dopamine can predict the choices of animals and people. Representations of reward expectation and of reward prediction errors that are pertinent to decision making, however, are not confined to these regions but are also found in prefrontal and cingulate cortex. Moreover, decisions are not guided solely by the magnitude of the reward that is expected. Uncertainty in the estimate of the reward expectation, the value of information that might be gained by taking a course of action and the cost of an action all influence the manner in which decisions are made through prefrontal and cingulate cortex.

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Figure 1: Probability, risk and uncertainty.
Figure 2: Prediction error encoding in the ACC.
Figure 3: ACC, volatility and the learning rate.
Figure 4: Interrelationships between the learning rate and the reward history.
Figure 5: Anterior cingulate cortex and the valuation of social information.
Figure 6: VMPFC activation and representation of subjective value.
Figure 7: OFC single-neuron activity does not represent reward value in a simple unitary code.

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Rushworth, M., Behrens, T. Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex. Nat Neurosci 11, 389–397 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn2066

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