Table 1 : Modulators of decision making : Nature Neuroscience

From the following article

Kenji Doya

Nature Neuroscience 11, 410 - 416 (2008) Published online: 26 March 2008

doi:10.1038/nn2077

Table 1. Roles of neurochemical and anatomical systems in valuation and decision

System	Function	Task	Method	Ref.
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ATD, acute tryptophan depletion; ATDL, acute tryptophan depletion and loading; IPC, intraparietal cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PPC, posterior parietal cortex.
	Gain and loss
Amygdala	Response to expected loss	Gambling	Human, fMRI	39
Amygdala	Expected reward and punishment	Pavlovian	Monkey, recording	40
Lateral habenula	Prediction of no reward omission	Saccade	Monkey, recording	44
	Cost and effort
Dopamine	Effort for reward	Lever press	Rat, antagonist	62
Dopamine (D₂ receptor)	Effort and delayed rewards	T-maze	Rat, antagonist	45
Dopamine, tonic	Opportunity cost	Lever press	Model	18
ACC	Effort for reward	T-maze	Rat, lesion	54
ACC	Effort for reward	T-maze	Rat, lesion	63
	Risk or variance
Lateral OFC	High variance	Gambling	Human, fMRI	47
Norepinephrine ( receptor)	Variance of losses	Gambling	Human, antagonist	64
Nucleus accumbens, anterior insula	Risk seeking	Investment	Human, fMRI	46
Nucleus accumbens core	Large, uncertain reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	65
	Delay discounting
Glutamate (NMDA receptor)	Delayed reward	Lever press	Rat, NMDA antagonist	62
Serotonin	Delayed reward	T-maze	Rat, serotonin synthesis blocker	45
Serotonin	Withholding pavlovian response	Approach behavior	Rat, neurotoxin	66
Serotonin in medial PFC	Delay discounting task	Lever choice	Rat, microdialysis	55
Serotonin in dorsal striatum	Activity for long-term value	Liquid reward	Human, ATDL, fMRI	56
Serotonin in ventral striatum	Less activity for short-term value	Liquid reward	Human, ATDL, fMRI	56
Dopamine (D₁ receptor)	Large delayed reward	Nose poke	Rat, antagonist	67
Dopamine in OFC	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, neurotoxin	68
Dopamine in OFC	Delay discounting task	Lever choice	Rat, microdialysis	55
Norepinephrine	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, reuptake inhibitor	69
OFC	Delayed reward	T-maze	Rat, lesion	70
OFC	Delayed or uncertain reward	Lever press	Rat, lesion	71
OFC	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	72,73
OFC	Small immediate reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	74
Nucleus accumbens core	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	75
Nucleus accumbens core	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	76
Basolateral amygdala	Large delayed reward	Lever choice	Rat, lesion	74
Nucleus accumbens, medial OFC, ACC, PCC	Immediate reward	Liquid reward	Human, fMRI	52
Dorsolateral PFC, PPC, anterior insula	Delayed and immediate reward	Liquid reward	Human, fMRI	52
Ventral striatum	Small immediate reward	Questionnaire	Human, fMRI	77
Ventral striatum, medial PFC, PCC	Subjective value	Questionnaire	Human, fMRI	53
	Learning rate
ACC	Volatility and learning rate	Gambling	Human, fMRI	57
ACC	Sustaining rewarded actions	Joystick, reversal	Monkey, lesion	78
	Switching and exploration
Norepinephrine	Reset of network dynamics	Review	Rat, monkey	58
Norepinephrine, tonic	Unexpected uncertainty	Model	Rat, monkey	79
Norepinephrine, phasic	Interrupt for unexpected events	Model	Rat, monkey	59
Norepinephrine, tonic	Exploration-exploitation	Review	Monkey	60
Norepinephrine, phasic	Temporal filtering	Review	Monkey	60
Serotonin	Extradimensional shift	Visual discrimination	Human, ATD	80
Serotonin	Greedy choice	Gambling	Human, ATD	81
Serotonin	Probabilistic choice reversal	Probabilistic learning	Human, SSRI	82
Serotonin in PFC	Choice reversal	Visual discrimination	Marmoset, neurotoxin	61
Serotonin in OFC	Inhibiting perseverative choice	Visual discrimination	Marmoset, neurotoxin	83
Serotonin in medial PFC	Response to reward change	Spatial and odor discrimination	Rat, neurotoxin	84
Frontal polar cortex, IPC	Exploratory decisions	Gambling	Human, fMRI	85
OFC	Greedy choice	Gambling	Human, focal damage	81
Medial PFC	Goal-directed learning	Devaluation	Rat, lesion	86
Dorsomedial striatum	Goal-directed learning	Devaluation	Rat, lesion	87

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