TABLE 1 Commercially available surgical models.
From the following article:
Primer: cognitive motor learning for teaching surgical skill—how are surgical skills taught and assessed?
Jaime A Wong and Edward D Matsumoto
BACK TO ARTICLE| Name of model | Manufacturer | Task | Model type | Fidelity | Construct validity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uroscopic trainer31 | Limbs & Things | Ureteroscopy | Bench | High | Yes |
| Scope trainer31, 32 | Mediskills | Ureteroscopy | Bench | High | Yes |
| URO mentor31, 33 | Simbionix | Ureteroscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| PERC mentor34, 35, 36 | Simbionix | Percutaneous nephrolithotomy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| Pop-up pelvic trainer37 | Simulab | General laparoscopy | Bench | Low | Unknown |
| LapTrainer with Simuvision37 | Simulab | General laparoscopy | Bench | Low | Unknown |
| POP trainer37 | OPTIMIST | General laparoscopy | Bench | Low | Unknown |
| MIST-VR38, 39 | Mentice AB | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | Low | Yes |
| LapSim40, 41 | Surgical Science | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| Xitact42, 43, 44 | Xitact | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| ReachIn44 | Reachin | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Unknown |
| ProMIS16 | Haptica | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| Select-IT VEST45 | Select-IT VEST Systems AG | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Unknown |
| LapMentor45, 46 | Simbionix | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |
| Simendo37, 47 | DeltaTech | General laparoscopy | Virtual reality | High | Yes |

