About the authors

Apostolos Apostolidis

Apostolos Apostolidis, PhD, FEBU, is an Urologist, recently elected a Lecturer in Neuro-Urology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. His main interest is the role of the urothelium and suburothelium in the pathophysiology of human disease bladder states, mainly overactive bladder syndrome due to neurogenic or idiopathic detrusor overactivity or increased bladder sensation, and the mechanism of action of experimental intravesical treatments, which he has been investigating during his appointment with the Institute of Neurology, University College London.

Roshni Popat

Roshni Popat is a Specialist Registrar in Urology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, and has an interest in botulinum toxin injections in detrusor overactivity.

Matthew Harper

Matthew Harper is a Specialist Registrar in Urology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London. He has an interest in botulinum toxin injections in detrusor overactivity.

Clare J Fowler

Clare Fowler is Professor of Uro-Neurology at The National Hospital for Neourology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London. She is credited with the "Fowler syndrome" characterized by urinary retention in women. She is an internationally recognized expert on the neurogenic bladder.

Prokar Dasgupta

Prokar Dasgupta is a Consultant Urological Surgeon and Honorary Senior Lecturer at Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London. He developed a minimally invasive technique for injecting botulinum toxin into overactive bladders. He has also been studying the scientific effects of this toxin on afferent bladder receptor mechanisms.