Are current staging systems for cancer serving us well?
Peter T Scardino
This article has no abstract so we have provided the first paragraph of the full text.
The TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) staging system has become the international standard for designating the extent of a cancer and its prognosis. For each organ site and histological type, a cancer is assigned a stage (I, II, III or IV) based on its TNM category and grade. The goals of the system in terms of patient care are to define prognosis, indicate management, and allow comparison of different treatments across institutions. Recently, this system has come under increasing criticism (Roach M et al. [2007] Cancer 109: 213–230).
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