T_H17 cells are a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune arthritis

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In autoimmune arthritis, activated type 1 T helper (T_H1) lymphocytes were previously thought to cause bone destruction mediated by osteoclasts. Paradoxically, however, T_H1 lymphocytes produce interferon-, which inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Bone destruction might, therefore, be attributable to a different subset of CD4⁺ T_H cells, with a specific cytokine profile. Sato and colleagues explored the effects of various T-cell subsets on osteoclast differentiation, and found that interleukin-(IL)-17-producing CD4⁺ T_H cells (T_H17 cells) were the only osteoclastogenic T-cell lineage characterized to date.

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