TABLE 2 Severity of neuronal loss of the ascending arousal systems in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease.
From the following article:
Sleep disturbances in patients with parkinsonism
Valérie Cochen De Cock, Marie Vidailhet and Isabelle Arnulf
BACK TO ARTICLE| Nucleus | Neurotransmitter | Neuronal loss in brains of patients with Parkinson's disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locus ceruleus | Norepinephrine | 40–50% | Jellinger et al. (2001)86 |
| Raphe median nucleus | 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) | 20–40% | Jellinger et al. (2001)86 |
| Ventral periacqueductal gray matter | Dopamine | 9% | Damier et al. (1999)71 |
| Tuberomammilary nucleus | Histamine | Unchanged enzymatic activity | Garbarg et al. (1983)70 |
| Lateral hypothalamus | Orexin (hypocretin) | 23–62% | Fronczek et al. (2007)68 Thannickal et al. (2007)69 |
| Basal forebrain | Acetylcholine | 32–93% | Jellinger et al. (2001)86 |