FIGURE 1 Visualization of midbrain structure and function in Parkinson's disease.
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Technology Insight: imaging neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease
David J Brooks
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Figure 1. Visualization of midbrain structure and function in Parkinson's disease.
(A) Transcranial sonogram shows hyperechogenicity in the same region as seen in (B). The arrows indicate increased echos from the substantia nigra, and the asterisk indicates increased echos from the median raphe. Permission obtained from Steinkopff Verlag © Berg D et al. (2001) J Neurol 248: 684–689. (B) An MRI scan in which inversion recovery sequences that suppress the signal from gray and white matter are subtracted shows a loss of nigral signal in Parkinson's disease. Permission obtained from the American Society of Neuroradiology © Minati L et al. (2007) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28: 309–313. (C) PET is able to detect 18F-dopa uptake into brainstem structures including the substantia nigra (dopaminergic), locus ceruleus (noradrenergic), tegmentum (dopaminergic), and median raphe (serotonergic).