Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology provides physicians with authoritative and timely interpretations of key developments in the field, translating the latest findings into clinical practice. http://www.nature.com/ncpneph/current_issue/ Nature Publishing Group en © Nature Publishing Group Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 1745-8323 1745-8331 © Nature Publishing Group permissions@nature.com Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology http://www.nature.com/includes/rj_globnavimages/ncpneph_logo.gif http://www.nature.com/ncpneph/ KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease acknowledged by ISN http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0953 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease acknowledged by ISN

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0953

Authors: Omar Abboud, Gavin Becker, Ezequiel Bellorin-Font, Michael Field, Richard Johnson, Philip KT Li & Christoph Wanner

]]> KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease acknowledged by ISN Omar Abboud Gavin Becker Ezequiel Bellorin-Font Michael Field Richard Johnson Philip KT Li Christoph Wanner doi:10.1038/ncpneph0953 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Guidelines Summary Predicting the ideal serum creatinine level following kidney transplantation http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph1005 Predicting the ideal serum creatinine level following kidney transplantation

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph1005

Author: Greg A Knoll

]]> Predicting the ideal serum creatinine level following kidney transplantation Greg A Knoll doi:10.1038/ncpneph1005 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Practice Point The effects of hormone replacement therapy on renal function http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0993 The effects of hormone replacement therapy on renal function

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0993

Author: Sharon Silbiger

]]> The effects of hormone replacement therapy on renal function Sharon Silbiger doi:10.1038/ncpneph0993 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Practice Point Women with a history of preeclampsia should be monitored for the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0991 Women with a history of preeclampsia should be monitored for the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0991

Author: Takayuki Hamano

]]> Women with a history of preeclampsia should be monitored for the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease Takayuki Hamano doi:10.1038/ncpneph0991 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Practice Point Fluid balance and acute kidney injury: the missing link for predicting adverse outcomes? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0988 Fluid balance and acute kidney injury: the missing link for predicting adverse outcomes?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0988

Author: Ravindra L Mehta

]]> Fluid balance and acute kidney injury: the missing link for predicting adverse outcomes? Ravindra L Mehta doi:10.1038/ncpneph0988 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Practice Point The advantage of live-donor kidney transplantation in older recipients http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0987 The advantage of live-donor kidney transplantation in older recipients

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0987

Authors: Lisa Nanovic & Bruce Kaplan

]]> The advantage of live-donor kidney transplantation in older recipients Lisa Nanovic Bruce Kaplan doi:10.1038/ncpneph0987 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Practice Point Interpreting observational studies of disordered mineral metabolism and mortality in patients on hemodialysis http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0992 Interpreting observational studies of disordered mineral metabolism and mortality in patients on hemodialysis

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0992

Author: David M Spiegel

]]> Interpreting observational studies of disordered mineral metabolism and mortality in patients on hemodialysis David M Spiegel doi:10.1038/ncpneph0992 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Practice Point Does increased removal of high-molecular-weight toxins improve the survival of hemodialysis patients? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph1002 Does increased removal of high-molecular-weight toxins improve the survival of hemodialysis patients?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph1002

Author: Richard A Ward

]]> Does increased removal of high-molecular-weight toxins improve the survival of hemodialysis patients? Richard A Ward doi:10.1038/ncpneph1002 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-11 Practice Point Re-examining RAS-blocking treatment regimens for abrogating progression of chronic kidney disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0980 Re-examining RAS-blocking treatment regimens for abrogating progression of chronic kidney disease

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0980

Author: Murray Epstein

]]> Re-examining RAS-blocking treatment regimens for abrogating progression of chronic kidney disease Murray Epstein doi:10.1038/ncpneph0980 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-04 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-04 Practice Point Monitoring after renal transplantation: recommendations and caveats http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0968 Monitoring after renal transplantation: recommendations and caveats

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0968

Authors: Robert A Bray & Howard M Gebel

]]> Monitoring after renal transplantation: recommendations and caveats Robert A Bray Howard M Gebel doi:10.1038/ncpneph0968 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-14 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-14 Practice Point Is it time to change the definition of normal urinary albumin excretion? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0971 Is it time to change the definition of normal urinary albumin excretion?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0971

Authors: Kristian Wachtell & Michael H Olsen

]]> Is it time to change the definition of normal urinary albumin excretion? Kristian Wachtell Michael H Olsen doi:10.1038/ncpneph0971 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-14 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-14 Practice Point Dual inhibition with losartan and aliskiren: a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetic nephropathy? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0962 Dual inhibition with losartan and aliskiren: a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetic nephropathy?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0962

Author: Guntram Schernthaner

]]> Dual inhibition with losartan and aliskiren: a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetic nephropathy? Guntram Schernthaner doi:10.1038/ncpneph0962 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Practice Point Proteinuria lowering needs a multifactorial and individualized approach to halt progression of renal disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0963 Proteinuria lowering needs a multifactorial and individualized approach to halt progression of renal disease

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0963

Authors: Paul E de Jong & Gerjan Navis

]]> Proteinuria lowering needs a multifactorial and individualized approach to halt progression of renal disease Paul E de Jong Gerjan Navis doi:10.1038/ncpneph0963 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Practice Point Racial differences in chronic kidney disease incidence and progression among individuals with HIV http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0952 Racial differences in chronic kidney disease incidence and progression among individuals with HIV

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0952

Authors: Deidra C Crews & Bernard G Jaar

]]> Racial differences in chronic kidney disease incidence and progression among individuals with HIV Deidra C Crews Bernard G Jaar doi:10.1038/ncpneph0952 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Practice Point Renal biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of HIV-associated renal diseases http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0990 Here, Cohen and Kimmel attempt to counter the arguments presented by Lynda Szczech in the preceding Viewpoint. They point out that HIV-associated kidney disease exists in various forms that have different treatment requirements and that renal biopsy is necessary to establish the exact diagnosis. They argue, furthermore, that the efficacy and safety of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV-associated nephropathy is questionable and that such treatment should not, therefore, be initiated empirically. Renal biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of HIV-associated renal diseases

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0990

Authors: Scott D Cohen & Paul L Kimmel

]]> Renal biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of HIV-associated renal diseases Scott D Cohen Paul L Kimmel doi:10.1038/ncpneph0990 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-11-18 Viewpoint Islet transplantation—the imperative need for continued clinical trials http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0964 This Viewpoint attempts to counter the arguments presented by Cravedi et al. in this issue of Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. Although β-cell islet transplantation is not yet a widely viable treatment for type 1 diabetes, AM James Shapiro argues that the procedure's shortcomings are not insurmountable and that now is not the time for a moratorium on clinical research. Enhancing the mass of the initial islet engraftment, which would alleviate many of the present challenges, could be achieved in ongoing trials, and remarkable progress with xenotransplantation and human embryonic stem cells foreshadows the possibility of a renewable islet cell source. Islet transplantation—the imperative need for continued clinical trials

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0964

Author: AM James Shapiro

]]> Islet transplantation—the imperative need for continued clinical trials AM James Shapiro doi:10.1038/ncpneph0964 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Viewpoint HIV-related renal disease and the utility of empiric therapy—not everyone needs to be biopsied http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0969 Should renal biopsy be performed in all patients with both HIV infection and kidney disease? In this Viewpoint, Dr Szczech argues that, given its efficacy against conditions like HIV-associated nephropathy, antiretroviral therapy should be implemented before biopsy is considered. Only when suppression of viral replication fails to improve renal function does the case for biopsy become more compelling. In any event, much as with HIV-negative patients with renal disease, empiric therapy should be implemented before renal biopsy is undertaken. HIV-related renal disease and the utility of empiric therapy—not everyone needs to be biopsied

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0969

Author: Lynda A Szczech

]]> HIV-related renal disease and the utility of empiric therapy—not everyone needs to be biopsied Lynda A Szczech doi:10.1038/ncpneph0969 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Viewpoint Islet transplantation: need for a time-out? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0961 The enthusiasm for pancreatic β-cell islet transplantation that followed the introduction of the 'Edmonton protocol' in 2000 has been tempered by evidence that the immunosuppressants used in the protocol might be nephrotoxic and that the resultant insulin independence is only short-term in most patients. Cravedi and colleagues analyze the risks and benefits of islet transplantation and argue that it should not be regarded as a general alternative to insulin replacement therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islet transplantation: need for a time-out?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0961

Authors: Paolo Cravedi, Roslyn B Mannon, Piero Ruggenenti, Andrea Remuzzi & Giuseppe Remuzzi

]]> Islet transplantation: need for a time-out? Paolo Cravedi Roslyn B Mannon Piero Ruggenenti Andrea Remuzzi Giuseppe Remuzzi doi:10.1038/ncpneph0961 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 Viewpoint Calcimimetics or vitamin D analogs for suppressing parathyroid hormone in end-stage renal disease: time for a paradigm shift? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0977 The authors of this Review propose a new paradigm for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. They argue that calcitriol deficiency in this setting is simply an adaptive response, and that the primary therapeutic approach (after phosphate control) should be administration of calcimimetics. The actions of fibroblast growth factor 23, the dominant role of the calcium-sensing receptor in regulating parathyroid gland function and the results of clinical trials of cinacalcet and vitamin D analogs are cited in support of their contention. Calcimimetics or vitamin D analogs for suppressing parathyroid hormone in end-stage renal disease: time for a paradigm shift?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0977

Authors: James B Wetmore & L Darryl Quarles

]]> Calcimimetics or vitamin D analogs for suppressing parathyroid hormone in end-stage renal disease: time for a paradigm shift? James B Wetmore L Darryl Quarles doi:10.1038/ncpneph0977 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-28 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-28 Review Japan's experience with living-donor kidney transplantation across ABO barriers http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0967 Because of ethical and religious constraints, few kidney transplantations from deceased donors are performed in Japan. As a result, ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation is common. Here, authors from the Japanese Society for Transplantation describe Japan's experience with this procedure. They highlight the graft survival, patient survival and rejection rates following this type of transplantation, summarize the preparation protocols used (antibody removal, splenectomy and desensitization) and consider why the outcomes of the procedure are so favorable in Japan. Japan's experience with living-donor kidney transplantation across ABO barriers

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0967

Authors: Naotsugu Ichimaru & Shiro Takahara

]]> Japan's experience with living-donor kidney transplantation across ABO barriers Naotsugu Ichimaru Shiro Takahara doi:10.1038/ncpneph0967 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-21 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-21 Review Acute kidney injury associated with the use of traditional medicines http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0970 The use of traditional remedies is highly prevalent in the developing world and is increasing in Western countries. Despite the frequent assumption by patients that alternative or complementary remedies are 'safe', many of these medicines can cause acute kidney injury. This Review outlines the factors contributing to the nephrotoxicity of traditional remedies and edible plants (including contamination, erroneous preparation and incorrect administration), and the mechanisms and types of renal damage associated with these medicines. Acute kidney injury associated with the use of traditional medicines

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0970

Authors: Valerie A Luyckx & Saraladevi Naicker

]]> Acute kidney injury associated with the use of traditional medicines Valerie A Luyckx Saraladevi Naicker doi:10.1038/ncpneph0970 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Review Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0954 The severity and extent of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease is disproportionate to the number and severity of traditional risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension. Could uremia-related factors—including anemia, microalbuminuria, inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism—account for this discrepancy? Authors from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center weigh up the evidence from randomized controlled trials of interventions for these so-called 'nontraditional' risk factors. Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0954

Authors: Jessica Kendrick & Michel B Chonchol

]]> Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease Jessica Kendrick Michel B Chonchol doi:10.1038/ncpneph0954 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-30 Review Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0955 Renal manifestations in Crohn's disease—a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease characterized by mucosal ulcerations of the digestive tract—are rare. Tubulointerstitial nephritis has been reported in Crohn's disease, but most cases have occurred in patients treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives, which are known to be nephrotoxic. In this Case Study, Waters et al. present two cases of tubulointerstitial nephritis occurring in patients with Crohn's disease, and emphasize that physicians should be aware of this serious and under-recognized complication. Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. doi:10.1038/ncpneph0955

Authors: Aoife M Waters, Mary Zachos, Andrew M Herzenberg, Elizabeth Harvey & Norman D Rosenblum

]]> Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease Aoife M Waters Mary Zachos Andrew M Herzenberg Elizabeth Harvey Norman D Rosenblum doi:10.1038/ncpneph0955 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-10-07 Case Study