Could changes in intestinal function and morphology underlie chronic heart failure?
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Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a state of chronic inflammation, but the origins of the inflammatory state are unclear. One parameter that might be involved in the generation of this state is lipopolysaccharide, also called endotoxin. This cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria can cross the gut wall and enter the general circulation if normal barrier function is impaired. It has been suggested that an enhanced intestinal bacterial biofilm in patients with CHF might additionally contribute to elevated plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. This rise in lipopolysaccharide levels might then activate monocytes and macrophages to release proinflammatory mediators and, thus, stimulate inflammation.
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