In this issue - pv

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-v

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Creating communities - p365

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-365

Mechanisms are needed to initiate, develop and support emerging research communities that cross traditional scientific and geographic boundaries.

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Nitrite–methemoglobin inadequate for hypoxic vasodilation - p366

David E. Schwab, Jonathan S. Stamler & David J. Singel

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-366

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Reply to 'Nitrite–methemoglobin inadequate for hypoxic vasodilation' - p367

Bradley I. Goetz, Pamela Wang, Howard W. Shields, Swati Basu, Rozalina Grubina, Jinming Huang, Jeanet Conradie, Zhi Huang, Anne Jeffers, Alice Jiang, Xiaojun He, Ivan Azarov, Ryan Seibert, Atul Mehta, Rakesh Patel, S. Bruce King, Abhik Ghosh, Neil Hogg, Mark T. Gladwin & Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-367

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Chemical glycobiology: why now? - pp368 - 372

Peter H Seeberger

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-368

Understanding the structure and function of carbohydrates remains a key challenge for chemical biologists. Developments in carbohydrate synthesis and analysis together with the advent of high-throughput methods such as carbohydrate microarrays have helped shed light on the function of glycoconjugates. Similarly, consortia have provided technology platforms and focus to a burgeoning field. Now, recruitment of scientists from related fields and further integration of chemistry and biology to achieve technical goals are needed for rapid advancements.

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The expanding world of glycobiology - p373

Nicola L B Pohl reviews Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd edition by Ajit Varki, Richard D Cummings, Jeffrey D Esko, Hudson H Freeze, Pamela Stanley, Carolyn R Bertozzi, Gerald W Hart & Marilynn E Etzler

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-373

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Charged tRNAs charge into secondary metabolism - pp374 - 375

Hans von Döhren

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-374

Peptide bond formation is catalyzed from stable aminoacyl-tRNA intermediates by several specialized proteins. A new set of these enzymes forming cyclodipeptides present the first usage of tRNAs in secondary metabolism.

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See also: Article by Gondry et al.

Pulling out the coordination mechanism of myosin-VI - pp376 - 377

Martin Lindén

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-376

Efficient transport by single two-headed motor proteins requires coordination of the motor domains. A new single-molecule study sheds light on an important coordination mechanism by demonstrating an asymmetric strain dependence of the weak-to-strong binding transition in myosin-VI heads.

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See also: Brief Communication by Iwaki et al.

S1P1 signaling just keeps going and going and going... - pp377 - 378

Stuart Cahalan & Hugh Rosen

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-377

Synthetic agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 are able to generate long-term signaling that persists for hours after ligand-induced receptor internalization. These signals are independent of agonist potency, can be reversed after receptor internalization by specific antagonists, and show a distinct acyl-chain-length structure-activity relationship.

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See also: Article by Mullershausen et al.

AMPylation is a new post-translational modiFICation - pp378 - 379

Melanie L Yarbrough & Kim Orth

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-378

A class of proteins containing domains that are evolutionarily conserved among prokaryotes and eukaryotes was recently found to mediate post-translational AMP addition—a new protein modification called AMPylation. Similarities to the post-translational modification phosphorylation suggest that AMPylation may be an important regulatory mechanism.

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Research highlights - pp380 - 381

doi:10.1038/nchembio0609-380

Full Text - Research highlights | PDF (152 KB) - Research highlights