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Letter

Nature Cell Biology 7, 286–294 (1 March 2005) | doi:10.1038/ncb1231

Atrophy of S6K1|[minus]|/|[minus]| skeletal muscle cells reveals distinct mTOR effectors for cell cycle and size control

Micka|[euml]|l Ohanna , Andrew K. Sobering , Thomas Lapointe , Lazaro Lorenzo , Christophe Praud , Emmanuel Petroulakis , Nahum Sonenberg , Paul A. Kelly , Athanassia Sotiropoulos & Mario Pende

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Akt proteins regulate various steps of muscle development and growth, but the physiological relevance and the downstream effectors are under investigation. Here we show that S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a protein kinase activated by nutrients and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), is essential for the control of muscle cytoplasmic volume by Akt and mTOR.