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Letter

Nature Cell Biology 5, 1062–1070 (1 December 2003) | doi:10.1038/ncb1068

Scaffold-mediated symmetry breaking by Cdc42p

Javier E. Irazoqui , Amy S. Gladfelter & Daniel J. Lew

Cell polarization generally occurs along a single well-defined axis that is frequently determined by environmental cues such as chemoattractant gradients or cell–cell contacts, but polarization can also occur spontaneously in the apparent absence of such cues, through a process called symmetry breaking. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells are born with positional landmarks that mark the poles of the cell and guide subsequent polarization and bud emergence to those sites, but cells lacking such landmarks polarize towards a random cortical site and proliferate normally.