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Brief Communication

Nature Cell Biology 4, 963–969 (1 December 2002) | doi:10.1038/ncb885

Activin/TGF-|[beta]| induce apoptosis through Smad-dependent expression of the lipid phosphatase SHIP

Hector Valderrama-Carvajal , Eftihia Cocolakis , Annie Lacerte , Eun-Hye Lee , Gerald Krystal , Suhad Ali & Jean-Jacques Lebrun

Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family regulate fundamental physiological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, in almost all cell types. As a result, defects in TGF-β signalling pathways have been linked to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and carcinogenesis.