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Brief Communication

Nature Cell Biology 4, 901–906 (1 November 2002) | doi:10.1038/ncb874

A novel Epac-specific cAMP analogue demonstrates independent regulation of Rap1 and ERK

Jorrit M. Enserink , Anne E. Christensen , Johan de Rooij , Miranda van Triest , Frank Schwede , Hans Gottfried Genieser , Stein O. D|[oslash]|skeland , Jonathan L. Blank & Johannes L. Bos

cAMP is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes that were thought to be mediated by protein kinase A (PKA). However, cAMP also directly regulates Epac1 and Epac2, guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 (refs 2,3).