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Berninger and colleagues define milestones for in vivo reprogramming and discuss recent developments in reprogramming into pancreatic b-cells and neurons.
Cells often migrate in tightly connected groups with coordinated movement and polarity. The collective migration of epithelial cell sheets is now shown to be mediated by a signalling axis that involves the merlin tumour-suppressor protein, the tight-junction-associated angiomotin–Rich1 complex and the Rac1 small GTPase.
Selective autophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under different growth conditions. Huntingtin, mutated versions of which have been implicated in Huntington disease, is now shown to act as a scaffold protein that couples the induction of autophagy and the selective recruitment of cargo into autophagosomes.
Khokha and colleagues report that lack of the metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP3 in female mice increases the size of the mammary basal stem cell pool and that this is maintained in ageing mice.
Westlake and colleagues discover that membrane shaping EHD proteins participate in ciliogenesis by taking part in ciliary vesicle formation and transition zone protein recruitment.
Bagnat, Martín-Belmonte and colleagues reveal that plasmolipin (PLLP) is upregulated in the zebrafish midgut during development and controls epithelial patterning by promoting polarized endocytosis.
Visentin and colleagues find a role for the FEAR network and Cdc5 in anaphase spindle elongation involving Cdc14-mediated dephosphorylation of the kinesin Cin8.
Zhang, Cuervo and colleagues find that Huntingtin (Htt), which is commonly mutated in Huntington disease, regulates selective autophagy. Htt enhances interactions between p62, LC3 and ubiquitylated cargo and derepresses ULK1 kinase activity.
Spatz and colleagues report that intercellular pulling forces between leader and follower cells in migrating epithelial sheets regulate merlin subcellular localization and the crosstalk between merlin and Rac1 to promote collective cell migration.
Medina, Ballabio and colleagues report that calcium release from the lysosome stimulates calcineurin, which dephosphorylates and activates TFEB. These findings reveal a central role for calcium signalling in autophagy and lysosome homeostasis.
Debnath and colleagues report that the E2-like enzyme ATG3 is a target for ATG12 conjugation. ATG12–ATG3 conjugates interact with the ESCRT-associated protein Alix and regulate late endosome localization and exosome biogenesis.
Bar-Eli and colleagues report that CREB-mediated downregulation of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 results in decreased adenosine-to-inosine editing of miR-455-5p, which enhances melanoma growth and metastasis.
Aifantis and colleagues report that FBXW7α controls the heat-shock response pathway by targeting HSF1 for degradation. In melanoma FBXW7α deficiency leads to increased nuclear HSF1, and induction of a pro-invasive gene expression program.
Castanon, González-Gaitán and colleagues report that Sara endosomes can regulate asymmetric cell division by unequally positioning endocytosed Notch ligand in one daughter cell.
Magness and colleagues present a microwell-based culture system to analyse interactions between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells, and show that their direct contact enhances formation of ISC-derived organoids.
