Letter abstract
Nature Cell Biology 10, 237 - 244 (2008)
Published online: 27 January 2008 | doi:10.1038/ncb1686
Sterol-dependent endocytosis mediates post-cytokinetic acquisition of PIN2 auxin efflux carrier polarity
Shuzhen Men1, Yohann Boutté1, Yoshihisa Ikeda1, Xugang Li2, Klaus Palme2, York-Dieter Stierhof3, Marie-Andrée Hartmann4, Thomas Moritz1 & Markus Grebe1,5
The polarization of yeast and animal cells relies on membrane sterols for polar targeting of proteins to the plasma membrane, their polar endocytic recycling and restricted lateral diffusion1, 2, 3, 4. However, little is known about sterol function in plant-cell polarity5. Directional root growth along the gravity vector requires polar transport of the plant hormone auxin. In Arabidopsis, asymmetric plasma membrane localization of the PIN–FORMED2 (PIN2) auxin transporter directs root gravitropism6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Although the composition of membrane sterols influences gravitropism and localization of two other PIN proteins11, it remains unknown how sterols contribute mechanistically to PIN polarity. Here, we show that correct membrane sterol composition is essential for the acquisition of PIN2 polarity. Polar PIN2 localization is defective in the sterol-biosynthesis mutant cyclopropylsterol isomerase1-1 (cpi1-1) which displays altered sterol composition, PIN2 endocytosis, and root gravitropism. At the end of cytokinesis, PIN2 localizes initially to both newly formed membranes but subsequently disappears from one. By contrast, PIN2 frequently remains at both daughter membranes in endocytosis-defective cpi1-1 cells. Hence, sterol composition affects post-cytokinetic acquisition of PIN2 polarity by endocytosis, suggesting a mechanism for sterol action on establishment of asymmetric protein localization.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology (IBMP, UPR CNRS 2357), Université Louis Pasteur, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg, France.
- Present address: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
Correspondence to: Markus Grebe1,5 e-mail: markus.grebe@plantphys.umu.se
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