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Letter

Nature Cell Biology 10, 1199–1207 (1 October 2008) | doi:10.1038/ncb1780

The type I TGF-|[beta]| receptor engages TRAF6 to activate TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner

Alessandro Sorrentino , Noopur Thakur , Susanne Grimsby , Anders Marcusson , Verena von Bulow , Norbert Schuster , Shouting Zhang , Carl-Henrik Heldin & Mar|[eacute]|ne Landstr|[ouml]|m

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates embryonic development and tissue homeostasis; however, aberrations of its activity occur in cancer. TGF-β signals through its Type II and Type I receptors (TβRII and TβRI) causing phosphorylation of Smad proteins.