Abstract
To what extent is the increasing emphasis on profit generation at US academic institutions shackling intellectual freedom and compromising healthcare?
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Pisano, G.P. Science Business: The Promise, the Reality, and the Future of Biotech (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 2006).
Brown, L.D. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 325–327 (2008).
Sobolski, G.K., Barton, J.H. & Emanuel, E.J. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 294, 3137–3140 (2005).
Yancey, A. & Stewart, C.N. Jr. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1225–1228 (2007).
Association of University Technology Managers. FY2006 U.S. Licensing Activity Survey. <http://www.autm.org/events/file/AUTM_06_US20LSS_FNL.pdf> (2006).
Frangioni, J.V. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 909–913 (2006).
KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. et al. 550 U.S. 04–1350 <http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/06pdf/04-1350.pdf> (2007).
Ehringhaus, S.H. et al. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 299, 665–671 (2008).
US Food and Drug Administration. Challenge and opportunity on the critical path to new medical products. <http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/criticalpath/ whitepaper.html#execsummary> (2004).
Henderson, J.A. & Smith, J.J. Academia, industry, and the Bayh-Dole Act: an implied duty to commercialize. <http://www.cimit.org/coi_part3.pdf> (2002).
Wood, A.J. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 618–623 (2006).
H.R. 1908. Patent Reform Act of 2007. <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:H.R.1908:> (2007).
Heller, M.A. & Eisenberg, R.S. Science 280, 698–701 (1998).
Association of Professors of Medicine Physician-Scientist Initiative Consensus Conference, 'Revitalization of the Nation's Physician-Scientist Workforce,' Washington, DC, 25 November 2007.
Acknowledgements
I thank M.L. Zeidel, R.E. Lenkinski, J.S. Felsch, M.D. Chalek, P.F. Levy, V. Sukhatme, J.S. Flier and M. Rosenberg for many discussions, B.L. Clough and A. Gugelmann for editing, and E. Trabucchi for administrative assistance. I especially thank C.T. Lelon for his thoughtful analysis of capitalism and S.J. Nowak III for his thoughts on profit.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frangioni, J. The impact of greed on academic medicine and patient care. Nat Biotechnol 26, 503–507 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0508-503
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0508-503
This article is cited by
-
‘Neuroinflammation’ differs categorically from inflammation: transcriptomes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and inflammatory diseases compared
neurogenetics (2014)
-
Moral equivalents of greed
AI & SOCIETY (2013)
-
Nonprofit foundations for open-source biomedical technology development
Nature Biotechnology (2012)
-
Taking Conflicts of Interest Seriously without Overdoing It: Promises and Perils of Academic-Industry Partnerships
Journal of Academic Ethics (2008)