Article abstract
Nature Biotechnology 26, 553 - 560 (2008)
Published online: 4 May 2008 | Corrected online: 9 October 2008 | doi:10.1038/nbt1403
There is a Corrigendum (October 2008) associated with this Article.
Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina)
Diego Martinez1,14,15, Randy M Berka2,15, Bernard Henrissat3,15, Markku Saloheimo4,15, Mikko Arvas4, Scott E Baker5, Jarod Chapman6, Olga Chertkov1, Pedro M Coutinho3, Dan Cullen7, Etienne G J Danchin3, Igor V Grigoriev6, Paul Harris2, Melissa Jackson1, Christian P Kubicek8, Cliff S Han1, Isaac Ho6, Luis F Larrondo9, Alfredo Lopez de Leon2, Jon K Magnuson5, Sandy Merino2, Monica Misra1, Beth Nelson2, Nicholas Putnam6, Barbara Robbertse10, Asaf A Salamov6, Monika Schmoll8, Astrid Terry6, Nina Thayer1, Ann Westerholm-Parvinen4, Conrad L Schoch10, Jian Yao11, Ravi Barabote1, Mary Anne Nelson12, Chris Detter1, David Bruce1, Cheryl R Kuske1, Gary Xie1, Paul Richardson6, Daniel S Rokhsar6, Susan M Lucas6, Edward M Rubin6, Nigel Dunn-Coleman13, Michael Ward11 & Thomas S Brettin6
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Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production.
- Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
- Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California 95618, USA.
- AFMB UMR 6098, CNRS, Universités d'Aix-Marseille I & II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, Espoo, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT-Espoo, Finland.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
- Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Departmento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile and Millennium lnstitute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
- Genencor International, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
- AlerGenetiCa SL, Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.
- Present address: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Diego Martinez1,14,15 e-mail: admar@unm.edu
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