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The adult mouse retina imaged by confocal microscopy, with photoreceptor cells stained green and bipolar cells stained red. Takahashi and colleagues describe methods for differentiating mouse, monkey and human embryonic stem cells toward photoreceptor cells (p 215).
Last year's R&D output by the drug industry was the worst in a generation. But amid the dismal numbers, there is evidence that more innovative medicines are reaching patients.
Sidney Wolfe has been criticized as an anti-pharma zealot and thorn in the side of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). But his critiques and outspoken views increasingly resonate with a US public that is losing trust in the drug industry.
The recently decided eBay and MedImmune cases interject both reassurance and uncertainty into the present patent licensing landscape, affecting the strategic decisions to be considered during negotiations.
Artificial neural networks have been applied to problems ranging from speech recognition to prediction of protein secondary structure, classification of cancers and gene prediction. How do they work and what might they be good for?