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Nature Biotechnology 25, 1171–1176 (1 October 2007) | doi:10.1038/nbt1336

Computational design of antibody-affinity improvement beyond in vivo maturation

Shaun M Lippow , K Dane Wittrup & Bruce Tidor

Antibodies are used extensively in diagnostics and as therapeutic agents. Achieving high-affinity binding is important for expanding detection limits, extending dissociation half-times, decreasing drug dosages and increasing drug efficacy.