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Nature Biotechnology 25, 1177–1181 (1 October 2007) | doi:10.1038/nbt1335

Direct reprogramming of genetically unmodified fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells

Alexander Meissner , Marius Wernig & Rudolf Jaenisch

In vitro reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent embryonic stem cell–like state has been achieved through retroviral transduction of murine fibroblasts with Oct4, Sox2, c-myc and Klf4 (refs. ).