Nature Biotechnology23, 482 - 487 (2005)
Published online: 27 March 2005; | doi:10.1038/nbt1082
Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content
Jacqueline A Paine1, Catherine A Shipton1, Sunandha Chaggar1, Rhian M Howells1, Mike J Kennedy1, Gareth Vernon1, Susan Y Wright1, Edward Hinchliffe2, Jessica L Adams3, Aron L Silverstone3
& Rachel Drake1
1
Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
'Golden Rice' is a variety of rice engineered to produce -carotene (pro-vitamin A) to help combat vitamin A deficiency1, and it has been predicted that its contribution to alleviating vitamin A deficiency would be substantially improved through even higher -carotene content2. We hypothesized that the daffodil gene encoding phytoene synthase (psy), one of the two genes used to develop Golden Rice, was the limiting step in -carotene accumulation. Through systematic testing of other plant psys, we identified a psy from maize that substantially increased carotenoid accumulation in a model plant system. We went on to develop 'Golden Rice 2' introducing this psy in combination with the Erwinia uredovora carotene desaturase (crtI) used to generate the original Golden Rice1. We observed an increase in total carotenoids of up to 23-fold (maximum 37 g/g) compared to the original Golden Rice and a preferential accumulation of -carotene.
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-carotene (pro-vitamin A) to help combat vitamin A deficiency
g/g) compared to the original Golden Rice and a preferential accumulation of 
