Nature Biotechnology
22, 707 - 716 (2004)
Published online: 16 May 2004; | doi:10.1038/nbt971
Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiationRalph Brandenberger1, Henry Wei1, Sally Zhang1, 4, Shirley Lei1, 4, Jaji Murage1, 4, Gregory J Fisk1, Yan Li1, Chunhui Xu1, Rixun Fang2, 4, Karl Guegler2, 4, Mahendra S Rao3, Ramumkar Mandalam1, Jane Lebkowski1
& Lawrence W Stanton1, 41
Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. 2
Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. 3
National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. 4
Present addresses: Transplantation Immunology, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (S.Z.), UCSF School of Dentistry, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-630, San Francisco, California 94143-0430, USA (S.L.), Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3230, Stanford, California 94305, USA (J.M.), Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, California 94404, USA (R.F., K.G.), Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672 (L.W.S.).
Correspondence should be addressed to Ralph Brandenberger rbrandenberger@geron.comHuman embryonic stem (hES) cells hold promise for generating an unlimited supply of cells for replacement therapies. To characterize hES cells at the molecular level, we obtained 148,453 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from undifferentiated hES cells and three differentiated derivative subpopulations. Over 32,000 different transcripts expressed in hES cells were identified, of which more than 16,000 do not match closely any gene in the UniGene public database. Queries to this EST database revealed 532 significantly upregulated and 140 significantly downregulated genes in undifferentiated hES cells. These data highlight changes in the transcriptional network that occur when hES cells differentiate. Among the differentially regulated genes are several components of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that likely play key roles in hES cell growth and differentiation. The genomic data presented here may facilitate the derivation of clinically useful cell types from hES cells.
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