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Nature Biotechnology 22, 1567–1572 (1 December 2004) | doi:10.1038/nbt1037

Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein

Nathan C Shaner , Robert E Campbell , Paul A Steinbach , Ben N G Giepmans , Amy E Palmer & Roger Y Tsien

Fluorescent proteins are genetically encoded, easily imaged reporters crucial in biology and biotechnology. When a protein is tagged by fusion to a fluorescent protein, interactions between fluorescent proteins can undesirably disturb targeting or function.