Nature Biotechnology
22, 1435 - 1439 (2004)
Published online: 24 October 2004; | doi:10.1038/nbt1025
Photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein for protein trackingDmitriy M Chudakov1, 4, Vladislav V Verkhusha2, 4, Dmitry B Staroverov3, Ekaterina A Souslova1, Sergey Lukyanov1
& Konstantin A Lukyanov11
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Laboratory of Genes for Regeneration, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. 2
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. 3
Evrogen JSC, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. 4
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to Konstantin A Lukyanov kluk@ibch.ruIn recent years diverse photolabeling techniques using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like proteins have been reported1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7, including photoactivatable PA-GFP1, photoactivatable protein Kaede2, the DsRed 'greening' technique3 and kindling fluorescent proteins6,
7. So far, only PA-GFP, which is monomeric and gives 100-fold fluorescence contrast, could be applied for protein tracking. Here we describe a dual-color monomeric protein, photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein (PS-CFP). PS-CFP is capable of efficient photoconversion from cyan to green, changing both its excitation and emission spectra in response to 405-nm light irradiation. Complete photoactivation of PS-CFP results in a 1,500-fold increase in the green-to-cyan fluorescence ratio, making it the highest-contrast monomeric photoactivatable fluorescent protein described to date. We used PS-CFP as a photoswitchable tag to study trafficking of human dopamine transporter in living cells. At moderate excitation intensities, PS-CFP can be used as a pH-stable cyan label for protein tagging and fluorescence resonance energy transfer applications.
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