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The public–private structure of intellectual property ownership in agricultural biotechnology

Nature Biotechnology volume 21, pages 989–995 (2003)Cite this article

New findings indicate that there may be benefits from more collaborative models of intellectual property management in the public sector.

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Figure 1: Annual trends in plant biotechnology IP 1982–2000, from a comprehensive dataset of 14,393 US, European, Japanese and PCT documents filed between August 1, 1982 and August 1, 2001.
Figure 2
Figure 3: Distribution of assignment of US patents granted from 1982 to 2001.
Figure 4: IP documents are 'topographically' mapped from the full agricultural biotechnology dataset of 14,393 documents using ThemeScape software from MicroPatent.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 207 Giannini Hall, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA

    Gregory D Graff & David Zilberman

  2. MicroPatent LLC, 250 Dodge Avenue, East Haven, 06512, Connecticut, USA

    Susan E Cullen

  3. the Department of Vegetable Crops and Weed Science Program, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Kent J Bradford

  4. the Office of Technology Transfer, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, 5th Floor, Oakland, 94607, California, USA

    Alan B Bennett

Authors
  1. Gregory D Graff
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  2. Susan E Cullen
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  3. Kent J Bradford
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  4. David Zilberman
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  5. Alan B Bennett
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Graff, G., Cullen, S., Bradford, K. et al. The public–private structure of intellectual property ownership in agricultural biotechnology. Nat Biotechnol 21, 989–995 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0903-989

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