Volume 537 Issue 7621, 22 September 2016

Outlook

Editorial

World View

Research Highlights

Seven Days

News

Correction

News Feature

Comment

  • Comment |

    Mike Savage calls on sociologists to resolve their differences over definitions of social class to allow better analyses of inequality.

    • Mike Savage

    Special:

Books & Arts

  • Books & Arts |

    Peter Piot ponders two books on the epidemic that offer important lessons from an avoidable catastrophe.

    • Peter Piot

  • Books & Arts |

    Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks.

    • Barbara Kiser

Correspondence

Obituary

  • Obituary |

    Particle physicist who helped to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe.

    • Alan Watson

News & Views

  • News & Views |

    A simple technique has been developed that produces holograms made of sound waves. These acoustic landscapes are used to manipulate microscale objects, and offer great potential in medical imaging and selective heating. See Letter p.518

    • Adrian Neild

  • News & Views |

    Two 'failed' materials can perform much better when united. Such a combination exhibits magnetization and electric polarization up to room temperature, providing a basis for new magnetoelectric devices. See Letter p.523

    • Manfred Fiebig

  • News & Views |

    When did life first arise on Earth? Analysis of ancient rocks in Greenland that contain structures interpreted as bacterial in origin suggest that Earth might have been an abode for life much earlier than previously thought. See Letter p.535

    • Abigail C. Allwood

  • News & Views |

    The origin of hot Jupiters, large gaseous planets in close orbits around stars, is unknown. Observations suggest that such planets are abundant in stellar clusters, and can result from encounters with other celestial bodies.

    • Amaury Triaud

  • News & Views |

    Potassium released from dying tumour cells has now been found to suppress the activity of T cells of the immune system. Enhancing the removal of potassium from T cells restores their ability to attack cancer. See Letter p.539

    • K. George Chandy
    •  & Raymond S. Norton

  • News & Views |

    Four studies detail changes in how DNA is wrapped around histone proteins and in molecular modifications to histones that occur after fertilization. The results shed light on the early regulation of gene expression. See Letters p.548 , p.553 & p.558

    • Juan M. Vaquerizas
    •  & Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla

  • News & Views |

    A technical feat achieved by two independent groups has enabled resolution of the molecular structure of a form of the amyloid-β protein that is thought to play a major part in Alzheimer's disease.

    • Robert Tycko

Futures

Corrigendum

  • Corrigendum |

    • S. Buitink
    • , A. Corstanje
    • , H. Falcke
    • , J. R. Hörandel
    • , T. Huege
    • , A. Nelles
    • , J. P. Rachen
    • , L. Rossetto
    • , P. Schellart
    • , O. Scholten
    • , S. ter Veen
    • , S. Thoudam
    • , T. N. G. Trinh
    • , J. Anderson
    • , A. Asgekar
    • , I. M. Avruch
    • , M. E. Bell
    • , M. J. Bentum
    • , G. Bernardi
    • , P. Best
    • , A. Bonafede
    • , F. Breitling
    • , J. W. Broderick
    • , W. N. Brouw
    • , M. Brüggen
    • , H. R. Butcher
    • , D. Carbone
    • , B. Ciardi
    • , J. E. Conway
    • , F. de Gasperin
    • , E. de Geus
    • , A. Deller
    • , R.-J. Dettmar
    • , G. van Diepen
    • , S. Duscha
    • , J. Eislöffel
    • , D. Engels
    • , J. E. Enriquez
    • , R. A. Fallows
    • , R. Fender
    • , C. Ferrari
    • , W. Frieswijk
    • , M. A. Garrett
    • , J. M. Grießmeier
    • , A. W. Gunst
    • , M. P. van Haarlem
    • , T. E. Hassall
    • , G. Heald
    • , J. W. T. Hessels
    • , M. Hoeft
    • , A. Horneffer
    • , M. Iacobelli
    • , H. Intema
    • , E. Juette
    • , A. Karastergiou
    • , V. I. Kondratiev
    • , M. Kramer
    • , M. Kuniyoshi
    • , G. Kuper
    • , J. van Leeuwen
    • , G. M. Loose
    • , P. Maat
    • , G. Mann
    • , S. Markoff
    • , R. McFadden
    • , D. McKay-Bukowski
    • , J. P. McKean
    • , M. Mevius
    • , D. D. Mulcahy
    • , H. Munk
    • , M. J. Norden
    • , E. Orru
    • , H. Paas
    • , M. Pandey-Pommier
    • , V. N. Pandey
    • , M. Pietka
    • , R. Pizzo
    • , A. G. Polatidis
    • , W. Reich
    • , H. J. A. Röttgering
    • , A. M. M. Scaife
    • , D. J. Schwarz
    • , M. Serylak
    • , J. Sluman
    • , O. Smirnov
    • , B. W. Stappers
    • , M. Steinmetz
    • , A. Stewart
    • , J. Swinbank
    • , M. Tagger
    • , Y. Tang
    • , C. Tasse
    • , M. C. Toribio
    • , R. Vermeulen
    • , C. Vocks
    • , C. Vogt
    • , R. J. van Weeren
    • , R. A. M. J. Wijers
    • , S. J. Wijnholds
    • , M. W. Wise
    • , O. Wucknitz
    • , S. Yatawatta
    • , P. Zarka
    •  & J. A. Zensus

Letter

  • Letter |

    Gravity and shape measurements for Ceres obtained from the Dawn spacecraft mission show that it is in hydrostatic equilibrium with its inferred normalized mean moment of inertia of 0.37, suggesting that Ceres has a rocky chondritic core overlaid by a volatile-rich icy shell.

    • R. S. Park
    • , A. S. Konopliv
    • , B. G. Bills
    • , N. Rambaux
    • , J. C. Castillo-Rogez
    • , C. A. Raymond
    • , A. T. Vaughan
    • , A. I. Ermakov
    • , M. T. Zuber
    • , R. R. Fu
    • , M. J. Toplis
    • , C. T. Russell
    • , A. Nathues
    •  & F. Preusker

  • Letter |

    A new way of activating the electrodes in solid oxide cells involves applying an electrical potential to trigger the exsolution of metal catalysts to the electrode surface; the success of this technique raises the possibility of regenerating the electrodes during operation.

    • Jae-ha Myung
    • , Dragos Neagu
    • , David N. Miller
    •  & John T. S. Irvine

  • Letter |

    Field data from an iodine-rich, coastal environment point to the molecular steps involved in the formation of new aerosol particles from iodine vapours over coastal regions.

    • Mikko Sipilä
    • , Nina Sarnela
    • , Tuija Jokinen
    • , Henning Henschel
    • , Heikki Junninen
    • , Jenni Kontkanen
    • , Stefanie Richters
    • , Juha Kangasluoma
    • , Alessandro Franchin
    • , Otso Peräkylä
    • , Matti P. Rissanen
    • , Mikael Ehn
    • , Hanna Vehkamäki
    • , Theo Kurten
    • , Torsten Berndt
    • , Tuukka Petäjä
    • , Douglas Worsnop
    • , Darius Ceburnis
    • , Veli-Matti Kerminen
    • , Markku Kulmala
    •  & Colin O’Dowd

  • Letter |

    A single-phase multiferroic material is constructed, in which ferroelectricity and strong magnetic ordering are coupled near room temperature, enabling direct electric-field control of magnetism.

    • Julia A. Mundy
    • , Charles M. Brooks
    • , Megan E. Holtz
    • , Jarrett A. Moyer
    • , Hena Das
    • , Alejandro F. Rébola
    • , John T. Heron
    • , James D. Clarkson
    • , Steven M. Disseler
    • , Zhiqi Liu
    • , Alan Farhan
    • , Rainer Held
    • , Robert Hovden
    • , Elliot Padgett
    • , Qingyun Mao
    • , Hanjong Paik
    • , Rajiv Misra
    • , Lena F. Kourkoutis
    • , Elke Arenholz
    • , Andreas Scholl
    • , Julie A. Borchers
    • , William D. Ratcliff
    • , Ramamoorthy Ramesh
    • , Craig J. Fennie
    • , Peter Schiffer
    • , David A. Muller
    •  & Darrell G. Schlom

  • Letter |

    The high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the kainate receptor GluK2 subtype in its desensitized state is reported, which reveals that desensitization is attained by establishing a ring-like structure in the ligand-binding domains.

    • Joel R. Meyerson
    • , Sagar Chittori
    • , Alan Merk
    • , Prashant Rao
    • , Tae Hee Han
    • , Mihaela Serpe
    • , Mark L. Mayer
    •  & Sriram Subramaniam

  • Letter |

    Accumulation of fumarate resulting from mutations in fumarate hydratase,which are associated with renal and other cancers, is shown to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition—a process associated with cancer initiation.

    • Marco Sciacovelli
    • , Emanuel Gonçalves
    • , Timothy Isaac Johnson
    • , Vincent Roberto Zecchini
    • , Ana Sofia Henriques da Costa
    • , Edoardo Gaude
    • , Alizee Vercauteren Drubbel
    • , Sebastian Julian Theobald
    • , Sandra Riekje Abbo
    • , Maxine Gia Binh Tran
    • , Vinothini Rajeeve
    • , Simone Cardaci
    • , Sarah Foster
    • , Haiyang Yun
    • , Pedro Cutillas
    • , Anne Warren
    • , Vincent Gnanapragasam
    • , Eyal Gottlieb
    • , Kristian Franze
    • , Brian Huntly
    • , Eamonn Richard Maher
    • , Patrick Henry Maxwell
    • , Julio Saez-Rodriguez
    •  & Christian Frezza

  • Letter |

    Algae rely on blue-light-sensitive phototropin to trigger induction of LHCRS3, allowing it to dissipate energy from excess light that would otherwise compromise the fitness of the organism.

    • Dimitris Petroutsos
    • , Ryutaro Tokutsu
    • , Shinichiro Maruyama
    • , Serena Flori
    • , Andre Greiner
    • , Leonardo Magneschi
    • , Loic Cusant
    • , Tilman Kottke
    • , Maria Mittag
    • , Peter Hegemann
    • , Giovanni Finazzi
    •  & Jun Minagawa

  • Letter |

    Three papers in this issue of Nature use highly sensitive ChIP–seq assays to describe the dynamic patterns of histone modifications during early mouse embryogenesis, showing that oocytes have a distinctive epigenome and providing insights into how the maternal gene expression program transitions to the zygotic program.

    • John Arne Dahl
    • , Inkyung Jung
    • , Håvard Aanes
    • , Gareth D. Greggains
    • , Adeel Manaf
    • , Mads Lerdrup
    • , Guoqiang Li
    • , Samantha Kuan
    • , Bin Li
    • , Ah Young Lee
    • , Sebastian Preissl
    • , Ingunn Jermstad
    • , Mads Haugland Haugen
    • , Rajikala Suganthan
    • , Magnar Bjørås
    • , Klaus Hansen
    • , Knut Tomas Dalen
    • , Peter Fedorcsak
    • , Bing Ren
    •  & Arne Klungland

  • Letter |

    Three papers in this issue of Nature use highly sensitive ChIP–seq assays to describe the dynamic patterns of histone modifications during early mouse embryogenesis, showing that oocytes have a distinctive epigenome and providing insights into how the maternal gene expression program transitions to the zygotic program.

    • Bingjie Zhang
    • , Hui Zheng
    • , Bo Huang
    • , Wenzhi Li
    • , Yunlong Xiang
    • , Xu Peng
    • , Jia Ming
    • , Xiaotong Wu
    • , Yu Zhang
    • , Qianhua Xu
    • , Wenqiang Liu
    • , Xiaochen Kou
    • , Yanhong Zhao
    • , Wenteng He
    • , Chong Li
    • , Bo Chen
    • , Yuanyuan Li
    • , Qiujun Wang
    • , Jing Ma
    • , Qiangzong Yin
    • , Kehkooi Kee
    • , Anming Meng
    • , Shaorong Gao
    • , Feng Xu
    • , Jie Na
    •  & Wei Xie

  • Letter |

    Three papers in this issue of Nature use highly sensitive ChIP–seq assays to describe the dynamic patterns of histone modifications during early mouse embryogenesis, showing that oocytes have a distinctive epigenome and providing insights into how the maternal gene expression program transitions to the zygotic program.

    • Xiaoyu Liu
    • , Chenfei Wang
    • , Wenqiang Liu
    • , Jingyi Li
    • , Chong Li
    • , Xiaochen Kou
    • , Jiayu Chen
    • , Yanhong Zhao
    • , Haibo Gao
    • , Hong Wang
    • , Yong Zhang
    • , Yawei Gao
    •  & Shaorong Gao

  • Letter |

    Potassium ions released by necrotic cells in tumours impair T cell function by increasing the intracellular potassium concentration in vitro and in vivo.

    • Robert Eil
    • , Suman K. Vodnala
    • , David Clever
    • , Christopher A. Klebanoff
    • , Madhusudhanan Sukumar
    • , Jenny H. Pan
    • , Douglas C. Palmer
    • , Alena Gros
    • , Tori N. Yamamoto
    • , Shashank J. Patel
    • , Geoffrey C. Guittard
    • , Zhiya Yu
    • , Valentina Carbonaro
    • , Klaus Okkenhaug
    • , David S. Schrump
    • , W. Marston Linehan
    • , Rahul Roychoudhuri
    •  & Nicholas P. Restifo

  • Letter |

    Holograms for sound waves, encoded in a 3D printed plate, are used to shape sound fields that can be used for the contactless manipulation of objects.

    • Kai Melde
    • , Andrew G. Mark
    • , Tian Qiu
    •  & Peer Fischer

Article

  • Article |

    Careful study of the famous fossil ‘Lucy’, a hominin who died over 3 million years ago, suggests that she died as a result of multiple injuries sustained in a fall–probably out of a tall tree.

    • John Kappelman
    • , Richard A. Ketcham
    • , Stephen Pearce
    • , Lawrence Todd
    • , Wiley Akins
    • , Matthew W. Colbert
    • , Mulugeta Feseha
    • , Jessica A. Maisano
    •  & Adrienne Witzel

  • Article |

    Identification and characterization, using a comprehensive embryonic phenotyping pipeline, of 410 lethal alleles during the generation of the first 1,751 of 5,000 unique gene knockouts produced by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium.

    • Mary E. Dickinson
    • , Ann M. Flenniken
    • , Xiao Ji
    • , Lydia Teboul
    • , Michael D. Wong
    • , Jacqueline K. White
    • , Terrence F. Meehan
    • , Wolfgang J. Weninger
    • , Henrik Westerberg
    • , Hibret Adissu
    • , Candice N. Baker
    • , Lynette Bower
    • , James M. Brown
    • , L. Brianna Caddle
    • , Francesco Chiani
    • , Dave Clary
    • , James Cleak
    • , Mark J. Daly
    • , James M. Denegre
    • , Brendan Doe
    • , Mary E. Dolan
    • , Sarah M. Edie
    • , Helmut Fuchs
    • , Valerie Gailus-Durner
    • , Antonella Galli
    • , Alessia Gambadoro
    • , Juan Gallegos
    • , Shiying Guo
    • , Neil R. Horner
    • , Chih-Wei Hsu
    • , Sara J. Johnson
    • , Sowmya Kalaga
    • , Lance C. Keith
    • , Louise Lanoue
    • , Thomas N. Lawson
    • , Monkol Lek
    • , Manuel Mark
    • , Susan Marschall
    • , Jeremy Mason
    • , Melissa L. McElwee
    • , Susan Newbigging
    • , Lauryl M. J. Nutter
    • , Kevin A. Peterson
    • , Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
    • , Douglas J. Rowland
    • , Edward Ryder
    • , Kaitlin E. Samocha
    • , John R. Seavitt
    • , Mohammed Selloum
    • , Zsombor Szoke-Kovacs
    • , Masaru Tamura
    • , Amanda G. Trainor
    • , Ilinca Tudose
    • , Shigeharu Wakana
    • , Jonathan Warren
    • , Olivia Wendling
    • , David B. West
    • , Leeyean Wong
    • , Atsushi Yoshiki
    • , Matthew McKay
    • , Barbara Urban
    • , Caroline Lund
    • , Erin Froeter
    • , Taylor LaCasse
    • , Adrienne Mehalow
    • , Emily Gordon
    • , Leah Rae Donahue
    • , Robert Taft
    • , Peter Kutney
    • , Stephanie Dion
    • , Leslie Goodwin
    • , Susan Kales
    • , Rachel Urban
    • , Kristina Palmer
    • , Fabien Pertuy
    • , Deborah Bitz
    • , Bruno Weber
    • , Patrice Goetz-Reiner
    • , Hughes Jacobs
    • , Elise Le Marchand
    • , Amal El Amri
    • , Leila El Fertak
    • , Hamid Ennah
    • , Dalila Ali-Hadji
    • , Abdel Ayadi
    • , Marie Wattenhofer-Donze
    • , Sylvie Jacquot
    • , Philippe André
    • , Marie-Christine Birling
    • , Guillaume Pavlovic
    • , Tania Sorg
    • , Iva Morse
    • , Frank Benso
    • , Michelle E. Stewart
    • , Carol Copley
    • , Jackie Harrison
    • , Samantha Joynson
    • , Ruolin Guo
    • , Dawei Qu
    • , Shoshana Spring
    • , Lisa Yu
    • , Jacob Ellegood
    • , Lily Morikawa
    • , Xueyuan Shang
    • , Pat Feugas
    • , Amie Creighton
    • , Patricia Castellanos Penton
    • , Ozge Danisment
    • , Nicola Griggs
    • , Catherine L. Tudor
    • , Angela L. Green
    • , Cecilia Icoresi Mazzeo
    • , Emma Siragher
    • , Charlotte Lillistone
    • , Elizabeth Tuck
    • , Diane Gleeson
    • , Debarati Sethi
    • , Tanya Bayzetinova
    • , Jonathan Burvill
    • , Bishoy Habib
    • , Lauren Weavers
    • , Ryea Maswood
    • , Evelina Miklejewska
    • , Michael Woods
    • , Evelyn Grau
    • , Stuart Newman
    • , Caroline Sinclair
    • , Ellen Brown
    • , Shinya Ayabe
    • , Mizuho Iwama
    • , Ayumi Murakami
    • , Wolfgang Wurst
    • , Daniel G. MacArthur
    • , Glauco P. Tocchini-Valentini
    • , Xiang Gao
    • , Paul Flicek
    • , Allan Bradley
    • , William C. Skarnes
    • , Monica J. Justice
    • , Helen E. Parkinson
    • , Mark Moore
    • , Sara Wells
    • , Robert E. Braun
    • , Karen L. Svenson
    • , Martin Hrabe de Angelis
    • , Yann Herault
    • , Tim Mohun
    • , Ann-Marie Mallon
    • , R. Mark Henkelman
    • , Steve D. M. Brown
    • , David J. Adams
    • , K. C. Kent Lloyd
    • , Colin McKerlie
    • , Arthur L. Beaudet
    • , Maja Bućan
    •  & Stephen A. Murray

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