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Nature advance online publication 8 November 20098 November 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08606; Published online 8 November 2009; Published online 8 November 2009
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Head of Production Biopharmaceuticals
- Rhein Minapharm Biogenetics
- Cairo (Egypt)
Professor / Associate Professor (Pharmaceutics / Pharmaceutical Analysis&quality Control)
- Alliance Institute of Advanced Pharmacy and Health Sciences
- Hyderabad 500038 India
Immunology: A helpers' guide to infection
Thomas Gebhardt1 & Francis R. Carbone1
Abstract
Killer T cells were thought to patrol the body unhindered, freely gaining access to sites of infection. But it seems that, at least in some body tissues, helper T cells must pave the way for killer T-cell entry.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the killer white blood cells of the immune system, having crucial roles in the defence against a range of viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. During microbial colonization at peripheral body sites, such as the outer layers of the skin and mucosal epithelium, circulating CD8+ CTLs (cells that carry a CD8 receptor molecule on their surface) exit from blood vessels to access and destroy cells harbouring pathogens.
- Thomas Gebhardt and Francis R. Carbone are in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Email: gebhardt@unimelb.edu.au; Email: fcarbone@unimelb.edu.au
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