Volume 558 Issue 7709, 14 June 2018

New measures introduce what could be the world’s strongest disincentive for misconduct so far.

Muddled language can lead scientists in the wrong direction, neurobiologists claim.

Expand the remit of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research to coordinate the influx of infrastructure, says its president, Steven L. Chown.

Ramps and ropes may have allowed small groups of people to move massive stone cylinders.

Encounters between two subatomic particles support reigning theory.

Subspecies on the cusp of extinction could be saved through cloning.

Modern trends such as car-sharing could help to limit warming.

RNA released from the placenta holds clues.

Bonobos may show disgust when served contaminated fruit.

The lancelet’s cells envelop food particles and also offer immune protection.

3D models can be converted to crystalline material without losing their shape.

Device is not dependent on supercooling to foil magnetic fields.

The week in science: 8–14 June 2018.

As loggers and miners move into previously inaccessible regions, researchers are pooling knowledge about the country’s ecosystems.

Initiatives include a national list of cases, a blacklist of ‘poor quality’ journals and a government agency that is responsible for policing misconduct.

Health workers battling Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo can diagnose the virus in hours, instead of days.

Estimated cost of geoengineering technology to fight climate change has plunged since a 2011 analysis.

New gut bacteria can expand the diet of animals like koalas and rhinoceroses.

Four new elements were added in 2015 with great fanfare — but some researchers complain the announcement was premature.

Environmental pressures and overfishing might soon push some species to the brink, warn Cassandra Brooks and colleagues.

Trust is undermined when scientists make overblown promises about disease prevention, warn Edward C. Holmes, Andrew Rambaut and Kristian G. Andersen.

Sascha Hooker on three books tackling challenges faced by oceans and marine life.

Anil Ananthaswamy parses Sabine Hossenfelder’s analysis of why the field is at an impasse.

Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks.

Microbe hunter who uncovered how bacteria cause disease.

Human stem cells are yielding 3D miniature tissues that can be used to study both normal human biology and human disease in vitro.

More than 100 researchers describe their work and the struggles they face, including gender bias and achieving a positive work–life balance.

Space, freedom and the opportunity to establish one’s own system are among the highlights for junior researchers.

Two experiments show that non-classical correlations can be distributed between distant nodes of a quantum network in a deterministic way. The work smooths the path for extended quantum networks.

The T cells of the immune system can be engineered to target a tumour, but why some people respond better than others to such therapy is unclear. One patient’s striking response to treatment now offers some clues.

Mutations introduced far from the active site of an enzyme can cause local unfolding that increases enzyme activity. This finding suggests how organisms that live in the cold can speed up biochemical reactions.

The Paris climate agreement aims to limit global warming to no more than 2 °C. An analysis suggests that this will greatly reduce the risks of sea-level rise for coastal communities, but that it will take time to see the benefit.

A subunit of the enzymatic complex P-TEFb can induce compartmentalization of proteins into liquid-like droplets in cells. This phase separation might help P-TEFb to promote gene transcription.

A discussion of past Antarctic and global climate history as seen from Antarctic ice cores, with an outlook on future goals and drilling priorities.

This paper discusses how Antarctic ice has changed over recent decades, and how these changes have been recorded in satellite observations.

The future of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean by 2070 is described under two scenarios, one in which action is taken to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and one in which no action is taken.

Analyses of data from 137 forest plots across 20 European countries show that ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity is strongly influenced by environmental and host species factors and provide thresholds to inform ecosystem assessment tools

Cryo-EM structures of late intermediates in the assembly of human 40S ribosomal subunits help to define the principles by which immature rRNA conformations and ribosomal biogenesis factors shape the 40S maturation process.

The structure of a homomeric channel of subunit A of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) determined by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography reveals the basis for anion selectivity.

Observations of ¹³CO and C¹⁸O emission from four dusty starburst galaxies at redshifts of approximately two to three reveal that massive stars are more numerous in starburst events than in ordinary star-forming spiral galaxies.

Deterministic quantum state transfer and entanglement generation is demonstrated between superconducting qubits on distant chips using single photons.

Remote deterministic spin–spin entanglement is achieved using nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamonds and a single-photon entangling protocol, with much improved entangling rates compared to previously used two-photon protocols.

Programmed ferromagnetic domains are 3D-printed into soft materials capable of fast transformations between complex three-dimensional shapes via magnetic actuation.

The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum proceeds through two distinct channels: it is dominated at low temperatures by the more active step sites and at high temperatures by the more abundant terrace sites of the platinum surface.

Analysis of cosmogenic isotopes from a marine sediment core shows that much of the land-based East Antarctic Ice Sheet has remained stable for the past eight million years, including during the warm Pliocene epoch.

Micro- and nannofossil, trace fossil and geochemical evidence from the Chicxulub impact crater demonstrates that proximity to the asteroid impact site did not determine rates of recovery of marine ecosystems after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

Imaging of hippocampal neuron activity in mice performing a memory task across several days identifies both stable and dynamic memory engrams.

The coordinated action of BREVIS RADIX (BRX) and PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX) regulates auxin flux during the development of protophloem sieve elements in the root meristem of Arabidopsis.

A single-chain variable fragment of the antibody E06, which binds to the phosphocholine headgroup of oxidized phospholipids, blocks the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein by macrophages, and reduces inflammation and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice.

Genetically engineered T cells that induced remission in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were found to have disruption of the TET2 gene, which caused T cell changes that potentiated their anti-tumour effects.

The transition between early mitotic inhibitor 1 acting as a substrate of the APC/C and as an inhibitor of the same complex results in an irreversible switch that mediates human cell-cycle commitment.

The histidine-rich domain of cyclin T1 promotes phase separation into liquid droplets, which facilitates the hyperphosphorylation of the C-terminal domain repeats of RNA polymerase II.

By engineering entropy-tuning changes into distal sites of a bacterial adenylate kinase, an allosteric tuning mechanism based on protein dynamics is revealed.